महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-29, verse-17

अस्थाने यदि वा स्थाने सततं रजसावृतः ।
क्रुद्धो दण्डान्प्रणयति विविधान्स्वेन तेजसा ॥१७॥

17. asthāne yadi vā sthāne satataṁ rajasāvṛtaḥ ,
kruddho daṇḍānpraṇayati vividhānsvena tejasā.

17. asthāne yadi vā sthāne satatam rajasā āvṛtaḥ |
kruddhaḥ daṇḍān praṇayati vividhān svena tejasā

17. Whether in an improper or proper situation, an angry person, who is constantly enveloped by passion (rajas), inflicts various punishments with his own power.

Words meanings summery:

• अस्थाने (asthāne) - in an improper place, at the wrong time/situation

• यदि (yadi) - if

• वा (vā) - or

• स्थाने (sthāne) - in a proper place, at the right time/situation

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

• रजसा (rajasā) - by passion, by dust, by the quality of rajas

• आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped, concealed

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - an angry individual (angry (person))

• दण्डान् (daṇḍān) - punishments, rods

• प्रणयति (praṇayati) - he inflicts, he applies, he leads forward

• विविधान् (vividhān) - various, manifold, diverse

• स्वेन (svena) - by his own, by one's own

• तेजसा (tejasā) - by brilliance, by power, by energy

Words meanings and morphology

अस्थाने (asthāne) - in an improper place, at the wrong time/situation

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of asthāna

asthāna - improper place, wrong time, inappropriate situation

Nañ-tatpuruṣa compound of 'a' (negation) and 'sthāna' (place, situation)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sthāna)

• a – not, without, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• sthāna – place, position, situation, proper place
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand), suffix '-ana'
  Root: sthā (class 1)

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

स्थाने (sthāne) - in a proper place, at the right time/situation

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sthāna

sthāna - place, position, situation, proper place

From root 'sthā' (to stand), suffix '-ana'

Root: sthā (class 1)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Used here as an adverb in neuter accusative singular.

रजसा (rajasā) - by passion, by dust, by the quality of rajas

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, impurity, passion, activity (one of the three guṇas)

Root: rañj (class 1)

आवृतः (āvṛtaḥ) - covered, enveloped, concealed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, enveloped, surrounded, concealed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛ' (to cover) with prefix 'ā', suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'kruddhaḥ'.

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - an angry individual (angry (person))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

From root 'krudh' (to be angry) + 'kta' suffix. Used as a substantive.

Root: krudh (class 4)

दण्डान् (daṇḍān) - punishments, rods

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, rod, staff, punishment, chastisement

प्रणयति (praṇayati) - he inflicts, he applies, he leads forward

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of praṇī

1st class root, parasmaipada. Formed from prefix 'pra' and root 'nī'.

Prefix: pra

Root: nī (class 1)

विविधान् (vividhān) - various, manifold, diverse

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, manifold, diverse

Karmadhāraya compound of 'vi' (different) and 'vidha' (kind, sort)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vi+vidha)

• vi – apart, asunder, different, various
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating separation or diversity
• vidha – kind, sort, type, manner
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'daṇḍān'.

स्वेन (svena) - by his own, by one's own

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, self

Adjectival pronoun

तेजसा (tejasā) - by brilliance, by power, by energy

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - brilliance, splendor, power, energy, vital force

Root: tij (class 6)