महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-29, verse-21

योऽपकर्तॄंश्च कर्तॄंश्च तेजसैवोपगच्छति ।
तस्मादुद्विजते लोकः सर्पाद्वेश्मगतादिव ॥२१॥

21. yo'pakartṝṁśca kartṝṁśca tejasaivopagacchati ,
tasmādudvijate lokaḥ sarpādveśmagatādiva.

21. yaḥ apakartṝn ca kartṝn ca tejasā eva upagacchati
tasmāt udvijate lokaḥ sarpāt veśmagatāt iva

21. Whoever treats both those who harm him and those who benefit him with excessive intensity or anger, people recoil from him, just as they would from a snake that has entered their home.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• अपकर्तॄन् (apakartṝn) - those who harm, wrongdoers

• च (ca) - and, also

• कर्तॄन् (kartṝn) - doers, makers, those who benefit

• च (ca) - and, also

• तेजसा (tejasā) - with excessive intensity or anger (by splendor, by power, by energy, by anger, by intensity)

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, also

• उपगच्छति (upagacchati) - approaches, goes near, treats, deals with

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from him, from that, therefore

• उद्विजते (udvijate) - is alarmed, recoils, shrinks back, trembles

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - people, world, populace

• सर्पात् (sarpāt) - from a snake

• वेश्मगतात् (veśmagatāt) - from a snake that has entered the house (from one who has entered the house, from a house-dweller)

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as, similar to

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

अपकर्तॄन् (apakartṝn) - those who harm, wrongdoers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of apakartṛ

apakartṛ - one who harms, wrongdoer, injurer

Agent Noun (kṛt)

Agent noun formed from root kṛ (to do) with upasarga apa (away, badly), indicating one who does harm.

Compound type : upasarga-samāsa (apa+kartṛ)

• apa – away, off, badly, ill
  indeclinable
• kartṛ – doer, maker, agent
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun (kṛt)
  Agent noun from root kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

कर्तॄन् (kartṝn) - doers, makers, those who benefit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, maker, agent, author; one who performs a good deed, benefactor

Agent Noun (kṛt)

Agent noun formed from root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तेजसा (tejasā) - with excessive intensity or anger (by splendor, by power, by energy, by anger, by intensity)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tejas

tejas - splendor, brilliance, sharpness, power, energy, fiery spirit, anger

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only, also

(indeclinable)

उपगच्छति (upagacchati) - approaches, goes near, treats, deals with

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of upa-gam

present tense, active voice

3rd person, singular, present tense, active voice, from root gam prefixed with upa

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from him, from that, therefore

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उद्विजते (udvijate) - is alarmed, recoils, shrinks back, trembles

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of ud-vij

present tense, middle voice

3rd person, singular, present tense, middle voice, from root vij prefixed with ud

Prefix: ut

Root: vij (class 6)

लोकः (lokaḥ) - people, world, populace

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, populace

सर्पात् (sarpāt) - from a snake

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

Root: sṛp (class 1)

वेश्मगतात् (veśmagatāt) - from a snake that has entered the house (from one who has entered the house, from a house-dweller)

(adjective)

Ablative, masculine, singular of veśmagata

veśmagata - gone into a house, residing in a house, having entered the house

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (veśman+gata)

• veśman – house, dwelling, abode
  noun (neuter)
• gata – gone, arrived, reached, entered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with sarpāt

इव (iva) - like, as if, as, similar to

(indeclinable)