महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-19, verse-5

सौते किं ते व्यवसितं कस्माद्यासि पराङ्मुखः ।
नैष वृष्णिप्रवीराणामाहवे धर्म उच्यते ॥५॥

5. saute kiṁ te vyavasitaṁ kasmādyāsi parāṅmukhaḥ ,
naiṣa vṛṣṇipravīrāṇāmāhave dharma ucyate.

5. saute kim te vyavasitam kasmāt yāsi parāṅmukhaḥ
na eṣaḥ vṛṣṇi-pravīrāṇām āhave dharmaḥ ucyate

5. "O charioteer, what have you decided to do? Why are you retreating with your face averted? This is not considered the righteous conduct (dharma) of the foremost Vṛṣṇi heroes in battle."

Words meanings summery:

• सौते (saute) - O charioteer!

• किम् (kim) - what?, why?

• ते (te) - by you (as the agent of 'vyavasitam') (by you, for you, your)

• व्यवसितम् (vyavasitam) - decided, undertaken, resolved, done

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why?, from what?

• यासि (yāsi) - you go, you proceed

• पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - with face averted, retreating, facing away

• न (na) - not, no

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one)

• वृष्णि-प्रवीराणाम् (vṛṣṇi-pravīrāṇām) - of the foremost Vṛṣṇis, of the heroes among Vṛṣṇis

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteous conduct (dharma) (righteous conduct, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

Words meanings and morphology

सौते (saute) - O charioteer!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, herald

किम् (kim) - what?, why?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which, why

ते (te) - by you (as the agent of 'vyavasitam') (by you, for you, your)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

व्यवसितम् (vyavasitam) - decided, undertaken, resolved, done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyavasita

vyavasita - decided, resolved, undertaken, determined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root √sā (to bind, to end) with prefixes vi- and ava- and suffix -kta.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sā (class 4)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why?, from what?

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which, why

यासि (yāsi) - you go, you proceed

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, Present (laṭ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

पराङ्मुखः (parāṅmukhaḥ) - with face averted, retreating, facing away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāṅmukha

parāṅmukha - having the face averted, turned away, retreating

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (parāñc+mukha)

• parāñc – turned away, facing backwards, western
  adjective
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this here

वृष्णि-प्रवीराणाम् (vṛṣṇi-pravīrāṇām) - of the foremost Vṛṣṇis, of the heroes among Vṛṣṇis

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇipravīra

vṛṣṇipravīra - hero among the Vṛṣṇis, foremost Vṛṣṇi warrior

Compound type : Tatpurusha (vṛṣṇi+pravīra)

• vṛṣṇi – Vṛṣṇi (name of a Yadava clan)
  proper noun (masculine)
• pravīra – hero, chief, excellent warrior
  noun (masculine)

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, combat, conflict

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - righteous conduct (dharma) (righteous conduct, duty, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteous conduct, duty, virtue, religion

उच्यते (ucyate) - is said, is called, is declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, Present (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)