महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-19, verse-32

कदा वा सूतपुत्र त्वं जानीषे मां भयार्दितम् ।
अपयातं रणं हित्वा यथा कापुरुषं तथा ॥३२॥

32. kadā vā sūtaputra tvaṁ jānīṣe māṁ bhayārditam ,
apayātaṁ raṇaṁ hitvā yathā kāpuruṣaṁ tathā.

32. kadā vā sūtaputra tvam jānīṣe mām bhayārditam
apayātam raṇam hitvā yathā kāpuruṣam tathā

32. O son of Suta, when will you consider me, afflicted by fear, having abandoned battle and retreated, to be like a coward (kāpuruṣa)?

Words meanings summery:

• कदा (kadā) - when?

• वा (vā) - or, and, indeed, optionally

• सूतपुत्र (sūtaputra) - O Dāruka (O son of Suta, O charioteer's son)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• जानीषे (jānīṣe) - you know, you perceive, you consider

• माम् (mām) - me

• भयार्दितम् (bhayārditam) - afflicted by fear, terrified, distressed by fear

• अपयातम् (apayātam) - one who has retreated, gone away, fled

• रणम् (raṇam) - battle, war

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

• कापुरुषम् (kāpuruṣam) - a coward, a base man, a wicked person

• तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

Words meanings and morphology

कदा (kadā) - when?

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or, and, indeed, optionally

(indeclinable)

सूतपुत्र (sūtaputra) - O Dāruka (O son of Suta, O charioteer's son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (sūta)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

जानीषे (jānīṣe) - you know, you perceive, you consider

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present Middle

ātmanepada

Root: jñā (class 9)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

भयार्दितम् (bhayārditam) - afflicted by fear, terrified, distressed by fear

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhayārdita

bhayārdita - afflicted by fear, terrified

Past Passive Participle (for ardita)

Compound meaning 'fear-afflicted'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhaya+ardita)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• ardita – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root ard (to pain, afflict) with suffix -ta.
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mām'.

अपयातम् (apayātam) - one who has retreated, gone away, fled

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apayāta

apayāta - retreated, gone away, fled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā (to go) with upasarga apa- (away, off) and suffix -ta. Used here as a masculine accusative singular adjective referring to 'mām'.

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'mām'.

रणम् (raṇam) - battle, war

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'hitvā'.

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having left, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root hā (to abandon) with suffix -tvā.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Absolutive.

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, like

(indeclinable)

कापुरुषम् (kāpuruṣam) - a coward, a base man, a wicked person

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāpuruṣa

kāpuruṣa - a coward, a base man, a wicked person

Compound formed with 'kā-' (a derogatory prefix) + puruṣa.

Compound type : tatpurusha (kā+puruṣa)

• kā – bad, wicked (prefix)
  indeclinable
• puruṣa – man, human being, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ

Note: Predicative accusative with 'tathā'.

तथा (tathā) - so, thus, in that manner

(indeclinable)

Correlates with 'yathā'.