महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-19, verse-29

त्यक्त्वा रणमिमं सौते पृष्ठतोऽभ्याहतः शरैः ।
त्वयापनीतो विवशो न जीवेयं कथंचन ॥२९॥

29. tyaktvā raṇamimaṁ saute pṛṣṭhato'bhyāhataḥ śaraiḥ ,
tvayāpanīto vivaśo na jīveyaṁ kathaṁcana.

29. tyaktvā raṇam imam saute pṛṣṭataḥ abhyāhataḥ śaraiḥ
tvayā apanītaḥ vivaśaḥ na jīveyam kathaṃcana

29. O charioteer, if I were to abandon this battle, be struck from behind by arrows, and be forcibly removed by you, I would certainly not survive.

Words meanings summery:

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having forsaken

• रणम् (raṇam) - battle, war, combat

• इमम् (imam) - this, this one

• सौते (saute) - Addressed to the charioteer (Śalya or Daruka). (O son of Suta, O charioteer)

• पृष्टतः (pṛṣṭataḥ) - from behind, from the back

• अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - struck, attacked, beaten

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

• त्वया (tvayā) - Refers to the charioteer. (by you)

• अपनीतः (apanītaḥ) - removed, carried away, taken away

• विवशः (vivaśaḥ) - helpless, powerless, dependent, out of control

• न (na) - not

• जीवेयम् (jīveyam) - I would live, I might live, I should live

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - Emphasizes impossibility of living under the given conditions. (by any means, somehow, in any way)

Words meanings and morphology

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having left, having forsaken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root √tyaj (to abandon) with suffix ktvā.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Acts adverbially, indicating prior action.

रणम् (raṇam) - battle, war, combat

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, conflict

Note: Object of tyaktvā.

इमम् (imam) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Qualifies raṇam.

सौते (saute) - Addressed to the charioteer (Śalya or Daruka). (O son of Suta, O charioteer)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, son of Suta (a mixed caste)

पृष्टतः (pṛṣṭataḥ) - from behind, from the back

(indeclinable)

Derived from pṛṣṭha (back) with the suffix tas.

अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - struck, attacked, beaten

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyāhata

abhyāhata - struck, attacked, wounded

Past Passive Participle

From root √han (to strike) with prefixes abhi and ā.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'I'.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Agent of abhyāhataḥ.

त्वया (tvayā) - Refers to the charioteer. (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you

2nd person singular pronoun.

Note: Agent of apanītaḥ.

अपनीतः (apanītaḥ) - removed, carried away, taken away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apanīta

apanīta - removed, led away, carried off

Past Passive Participle

From root √nī (to lead) with prefix apa.

Prefix: apa

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied 'I'.

विवशः (vivaśaḥ) - helpless, powerless, dependent, out of control

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivaśa

vivaśa - helpless, powerless, dependent, not master of oneself

From vi (without) + vaśa (control).

Note: Qualifies the implied 'I'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb jīveyam.

जीवेयम् (jīveyam) - I would live, I might live, I should live

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of √jīv

Optative mode

From root √jīv (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Expresses wish or possibility/condition.

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - Emphasizes impossibility of living under the given conditions. (by any means, somehow, in any way)

(indeclinable)

Combination of katham (how) and cana (an emphatic particle).