महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-19, verse-16

स जानंश्चरितं कृत्स्नं वृष्णीनां पृतनामुखे ।
अपयानं पुनः सौते मैवं कार्षीः कथंचन ॥१६॥

16. sa jānaṁścaritaṁ kṛtsnaṁ vṛṣṇīnāṁ pṛtanāmukhe ,
apayānaṁ punaḥ saute maivaṁ kārṣīḥ kathaṁcana.

16. sa jānan caritam kṛtsnam vṛṣṇīnām pṛtanāmukhe
apayānam punaḥ saūte mā evam kārṣīḥ kathaṃcana

16. O Sūta, knowing the entire conduct of the Vṛṣṇis at the forefront of battle, you must not, by any means, retreat again.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - you (Dāruka) (he, that (one))

• जानन् (jānan) - knowing

• चरितम् (caritam) - conduct (conduct, history, deed)

• कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire (whole, entire, complete)

• वृष्णीनाम् (vṛṣṇīnām) - of the Vṛṣṇis

• पृतनामुखे (pṛtanāmukhe) - at the forefront of battle (at the forefront of the army, in battle)

• अपयानम् (apayānam) - retreat (retreat, flight, departure)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, moreover, but)

• सऊते (saūte) - O Sūta (O Sūta, O Charioteer)

• मा (mā) - do not (not, do not)

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

• कार्षीः (kārṣīḥ) - you should do (may you do, you should do)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means (by any means, at all)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - you (Dāruka) (he, that (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to Dāruka

जानन् (jānan) - knowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jānat

jānat - knowing, perceiving

Present Active Participle

From root jñā- (to know)

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agreeing with 'sa' (Dāruka)

चरितम् (caritam) - conduct (conduct, history, deed)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of carita

carita - conduct, behavior, deed, history

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root car- (to move, behave)

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Object of 'jānan'

कृत्स्नम् (kṛtsnam) - entire (whole, entire, complete)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - whole, entire, complete

Note: Agreeing with 'caritam'

वृष्णीनाम् (vṛṣṇīnām) - of the Vṛṣṇis

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇi

vṛṣṇi - name of a Yadava clan

पृतनामुखे (pṛtanāmukhe) - at the forefront of battle (at the forefront of the army, in battle)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pṛtanāmukha

pṛtanāmukha - forefront of an army, battlefield

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛtanā+mukha)

• pṛtanā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• mukha – face, mouth, front, beginning
  noun (neuter)

अपयानम् (apayānam) - retreat (retreat, flight, departure)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apayāna

apayāna - retreat, flight, going away

From root yā- (to go) with prefix apa-

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Object of the prohibition

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, moreover, but)

(indeclinable)

सऊते (saūte) - O Sūta (O Sūta, O Charioteer)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Refers to Dāruka

मा (mā) - do not (not, do not)

(indeclinable)

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

कार्षीः (kārṣīḥ) - you should do (may you do, you should do)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, injunctive (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist Injunctive

Second person singular, Parasmaipada, from Aorist of kṛ-

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means (by any means, at all)

(indeclinable)

Compound of katham (how) and cana (even)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (katham+cana)

• katham – how
  indeclinable
• cana – even, also
  indeclinable