महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-19, verse-30

स निवर्त रथेनाशु पुनर्दारुकनन्दन ।
न चैतदेवं कर्तव्यमथापत्सु कथंचन ॥३०॥

30. sa nivarta rathenāśu punardārukanandana ,
na caitadevaṁ kartavyamathāpatsu kathaṁcana.

30. sa nivarta rathena āśu punaḥ dārukanandana na
ca etat evam kartavyam atha āpatsu kathaṃcana

30. Therefore, O son of Dāruka, turn the chariot back swiftly! This action should certainly never be done in such a way, not even in times of adversity.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - Used as an emphatic or connecting particle, implying 'therefore' or 'thus'. (that, he, so, therefore)

• निवर्त (nivarta) - turn back, return, retreat

• रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with the chariot

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, furthermore

• दारुकनन्दन (dārukanandana) - Vocative, addressing Kṛṣṇa's charioteer. (O son of Daruka)

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and, also

• एतत् (etat) - Refers to the action of being carried away from battle. (this, this one)

• एवम् (evam) - Refers to retreating from battle. (thus, in this manner, so)

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done, ought to be done, fit to be done

• अथ (atha) - Used here as a conjunction or introductory particle, 'and'. (now, then, moreover)

• आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in dangers, in adversities, in distress

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - Emphasizes the strong prohibition. (by any means, somehow, at all)

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - Used as an emphatic or connecting particle, implying 'therefore' or 'thus'. (that, he, so, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Though morphologically a pronoun, it functions as a connective/emphatic particle here.

निवर्त (nivarta) - turn back, return, retreat

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of √vṛt

Imperative mode

From root √vṛt (to turn) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

रथेन (rathena) - by chariot, with the chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Note: Indicates the means of returning.

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

Note: Modifies nivarta.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, furthermore

(indeclinable)

Adverbial.

दारुकनन्दन (dārukanandana) - Vocative, addressing Kṛṣṇa's charioteer. (O son of Daruka)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dārukanandana

dārukanandana - son of Daruka

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dāruka+nandana)

• dāruka – Daruka (name of Kṛṣṇa's charioteer)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the clause.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एतत् (etat) - Refers to the action of being carried away from battle. (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of kartavyam.

एवम् (evam) - Refers to retreating from battle. (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial.

Note: Modifies kartavyam.

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - to be done, ought to be done, fit to be done

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, fit to be done, duty

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root √kṛ (to do) with suffix tavya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective, expressing obligation.

अथ (atha) - Used here as a conjunction or introductory particle, 'and'. (now, then, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Connective particle.

आपत्सु (āpatsu) - in dangers, in adversities, in distress

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of āpad

āpad - calamity, misfortune, distress, danger

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - Emphasizes the strong prohibition. (by any means, somehow, at all)

(indeclinable)

Combination of katham (how) and cana (an emphatic particle).