महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-19, verse-17

अपयातं हतं पृष्ठे भीतं रणपलायिनम् ।
गदाग्रजो दुराधर्षः किं मां वक्ष्यति माधवः ॥१७॥

17. apayātaṁ hataṁ pṛṣṭhe bhītaṁ raṇapalāyinam ,
gadāgrajo durādharṣaḥ kiṁ māṁ vakṣyati mādhavaḥ.

17. apayātam hatam pṛṣṭhe bhītam raṇapalāyinam
gadāgrajaḥ durādharṣaḥ kim mām vakṣyati mādhavaḥ

17. What will Mādhava, the invincible elder brother of Gaḍa (Kṛṣṇa), say to me if I am seen as one who has retreated, been struck from behind, terrified, and fled from the battle?

Words meanings summery:

• अपयातम् (apayātam) - one who has retreated (one who has retreated, fled)

• हतम् (hatam) - struck (killed, struck, destroyed)

• पृष्ठे (pṛṣṭhe) - on the back

• भीतम् (bhītam) - terrified (frightened, terrified)

• रणपलायिनम् (raṇapalāyinam) - one who flees from battle (one who flees from battle, deserter)

• गदाग्रजः (gadāgrajaḥ) - the elder brother of Gaḍa (Kṛṣṇa) (elder brother of Gaḍa)

• दुराधर्षः (durādharṣaḥ) - invincible (invincible, difficult to assail, unassailable)

• किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

• माम् (mām) - me

• वक्ष्यति (vakṣyati) - will say (will say, will speak)

• माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa) (Mādhava (Krishna))

Words meanings and morphology

अपयातम् (apayātam) - one who has retreated (one who has retreated, fled)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apayāta

apayāta - retreated, fled, gone away

Past Passive Participle (substantivized)

From root yā- (to go) with prefix apa-

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Referring to 'mām'

हतम् (hatam) - struck (killed, struck, destroyed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - struck, killed, injured, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root han- (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Referring to 'mām'

पृष्ठे (pṛṣṭhe) - on the back

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of pṛṣṭha

pṛṣṭha - back, surface, top

Note: Implies 'from behind'

भीतम् (bhītam) - terrified (frightened, terrified)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - frightened, terrified, afraid

Past Passive Participle

From root bhī- (to fear)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Referring to 'mām'

रणपलायिनम् (raṇapalāyinam) - one who flees from battle (one who flees from battle, deserter)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of raṇapalāyin

raṇapalāyin - one who flees from battle, deserter

Compound of raṇa (battle) and palāyin (fleeing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (raṇa+palāyin)

• raṇa – battle, war, fight
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• palāyin – fleeing, running away
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root ay- (to go) with prefix palā-
  Prefix: palā
  Root: ay (class 1)

Note: Referring to 'mām'

गदाग्रजः (gadāgrajaḥ) - the elder brother of Gaḍa (Kṛṣṇa) (elder brother of Gaḍa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gadāgraja

gadāgraja - elder brother of Gada

Compound of Gada (name) and agraja (elder brother)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gada+agraja)

• gada – name of Krishna's younger brother
  proper noun (masculine)
• agraja – elder brother, first-born
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of agra (front) and ja (born)
  Prefix: agra
  Root: jan (class 4)

दुराधर्षः (durādharṣaḥ) - invincible (invincible, difficult to assail, unassailable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durādharṣa

durādharṣa - invincible, unassailable, difficult to overcome

Compound of dur- (difficult) and ādharṣa (assailable from root dhṛṣ- to dare)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+ādharṣa)

• dur – difficult, bad
  indeclinable
• ādharṣa – assailable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root dhṛṣ- (to dare, assail) with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Agreeing with 'gadāgrajaḥ' and 'mādhavaḥ'

किम् (kim) - what (what, why)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of mad

mad - I

First person pronoun

Note: Object of 'vakṣyati'

वक्ष्यति (vakṣyati) - will say (will say, will speak)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future Indicative

Third person singular, Parasmaipada, from root vac-

Root: vac (class 2)

माधवः (mādhavaḥ) - Mādhava (Kṛṣṇa) (Mādhava (Krishna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādhava

mādhava - descendant of Madhu, husband of Lakṣmī, an epithet of Krishna

Note: Subject of 'vakṣyati'