महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-19, verse-31

न जीवितमहं सौते बहु मन्ये कदाचन ।
अपयातो रणाद्भीतः पृष्ठतोऽभ्याहतः शरैः ॥३१॥

31. na jīvitamahaṁ saute bahu manye kadācana ,
apayāto raṇādbhītaḥ pṛṣṭhato'bhyāhataḥ śaraiḥ.

31. na jīvitam aham saute bahu manye kadācana
apayātaḥ raṇāt bhītaḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ abhyāhataḥ śaraiḥ

31. O son of Suta, I never value my life highly if I am one who has retreated from battle, terrified, and been struck by arrows from behind.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence, livelihood

• अहम् (aham) - I

• सौते (saute) - O Dāruka (O son of Suta, O charioteer's son)

• बहु (bahu) - much, greatly, many

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, never (when with na)

• अपयातः (apayātaḥ) - one who has retreated, gone away, fled

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from war

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid, terrified

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at the back

• अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - struck, wounded

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence, livelihood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jīv (to live) with suffix -ta, used as a noun here.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun meaning 'life'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

सौते (saute) - O Dāruka (O son of Suta, O charioteer's son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (sūta)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

बहु (bahu) - much, greatly, many

(adjective)

of bahu

bahu - much, many

Note: Used adverbially to modify 'manye'.

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle

ātmanepada

Root: man (class 4)

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, never (when with na)

(indeclinable)

Formed from kadā (when) + cana (particle for indefiniteness).

अपयातः (apayātaḥ) - one who has retreated, gone away, fled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apayāta

apayāta - retreated, gone away, fled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā (to go) with upasarga apa- (away, off) and suffix -ta. Used here as a masculine nominative singular adjective referring to the implied 'I' (aham).

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'I' (aham).

रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from war

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, terrified, frightened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhī (to fear) with suffix -ta. Used here as a masculine nominative singular adjective referring to the implied 'I' (aham).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'I' (aham).

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at the back

(indeclinable)

Formed from pṛṣṭha (back) with the suffix -tas.

अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - struck, wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyāhata

abhyāhata - struck, wounded, hit

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike) with upasargas abhi- (towards, against) and ā- (thoroughly). Suffix -ta. Used here as a masculine nominative singular adjective referring to the implied 'I' (aham).

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'I' (aham).

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, dart

Root: śṛ