महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-19, verse-31

न जीवितमहं सौते बहु मन्ये कदाचन ।
अपयातो रणाद्भीतः पृष्ठतोऽभ्याहतः शरैः ॥३१॥

31. na jīvitamahaṁ saute bahu manye kadācana ,
apayāto raṇādbhītaḥ pṛṣṭhato'bhyāhataḥ śaraiḥ.

31. na jīvitam aham saute bahu manye kadācana
apayātaḥ raṇāt bhītaḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ abhyāhataḥ śaraiḥ

31. O son of Suta, I never value my life highly if I am one who has retreated from battle, terrified, and been struck by arrows from behind.

31. הו בן נהג המרכבה, איני מעריך את חיי כלל, אם אסוג מהקרב מפוחד, מוכה בגבי בחיצים.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence, livelihood

• अहम् (aham) - I

• सौते (saute) - O Dāruka (O son of Suta, O charioteer's son)

• बहु (bahu) - much, greatly, many

• मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

• कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, never (when with na)

• अपयातः (apayātaḥ) - one who has retreated, gone away, fled

• रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from war

• भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid, terrified

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at the back

• अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - struck, wounded

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

जीवितम् (jīvitam) - life, existence, livelihood

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jīvita

jīvita - life, existence, livelihood

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root jīv (to live) with suffix -ta, used as a noun here.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Used as a noun meaning 'life'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

सौते (saute) - O Dāruka (O son of Suta, O charioteer's son)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (sūta)

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

बहु (bahu) - much, greatly, many

(adjective)

of bahu

bahu - much, many

Note: Used adverbially to modify 'manye'.

मन्ये (manye) - I think, I consider, I believe

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present Middle

ātmanepada

Root: man (class 4)

कदाचन (kadācana) - ever, at any time, never (when with na)

(indeclinable)

Formed from kadā (when) + cana (particle for indefiniteness).

अपयातः (apayātaḥ) - one who has retreated, gone away, fled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apayāta

apayāta - retreated, gone away, fled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yā (to go) with upasarga apa- (away, off) and suffix -ta. Used here as a masculine nominative singular adjective referring to the implied 'I' (aham).

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'I' (aham).

रणात् (raṇāt) - from battle, from war

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war

Root: raṇ (class 1)

भीतः (bhītaḥ) - afraid, terrified

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīta

bhīta - afraid, terrified, frightened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhī (to fear) with suffix -ta. Used here as a masculine nominative singular adjective referring to the implied 'I' (aham).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'I' (aham).

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind, at the back

(indeclinable)

Formed from pṛṣṭha (back) with the suffix -tas.

अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - struck, wounded

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyāhata

abhyāhata - struck, wounded, hit

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han (to strike) with upasargas abhi- (towards, against) and ā- (thoroughly). Suffix -ta. Used here as a masculine nominative singular adjective referring to the implied 'I' (aham).

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies an implied 'I' (aham).

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - by arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, dart

Root: śṛ

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