महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-19, verse-1

वासुदेव उवाच ।
शाल्वबाणार्दिते तस्मिन्प्रद्युम्ने बलिनां वरे ।
वृष्णयो भग्नसंकल्पा विव्यथुः पृतनागताः ॥१॥

1. vāsudeva uvāca ,
śālvabāṇārdite tasminpradyumne balināṁ vare ,
vṛṣṇayo bhagnasaṁkalpā vivyathuḥ pṛtanāgatāḥ.

1. vāsudevaḥ uvāca śālvabāṇārdite tasmin pradyumne balinām
vare vṛṣṇayaḥ bhagnasaṅkalpāḥ vivyathuḥ pṛtanāgatāḥ

1. Vāsudeva said: When Pradyumna, the best among the mighty, was afflicted by Śālva's arrows, the Vṛṣṇis, who had assembled for battle, became distressed with shattered resolve.

Words meanings summery:

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• शाल्वबाणार्दिते (śālvabāṇārdite) - tormented by Śālva's arrows

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in him (Pradyumna) (in him, in that)

• प्रद्युम्ने (pradyumne) - in Pradyumna

• बलिनाम् (balinām) - among the mighty (of the strong, among the mighty)

• वरे (vare) - among the excellent (in the best, among the excellent)

• वृष्णयः (vṛṣṇayaḥ) - the Vṛṣṇis (the Vṛṣṇis (members of the Yādava clan))

• भग्नसङ्कल्पाः (bhagnasaṅkalpāḥ) - with shattered resolve (with shattered resolve, having broken purpose)

• विव्यथुः (vivyathuḥ) - they were distressed (they were distressed, they suffered, they wavered)

• पृतनागताः (pṛtanāgatāḥ) - who had assembled for battle (who had come to the battle, assembled for battle)

Words meanings and morphology

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Vāsudeva (patronymic of Kṛṣṇa, son of Vasudeva)

From Vasudeva + aṇ suffix.

Note: The speaker of this verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Third person singular perfect of √vac, with reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

शाल्वबाणार्दिते (śālvabāṇārdite) - tormented by Śālva's arrows

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of śālvabāṇārdita

śālvabāṇārdita - tormented by Śālva's arrows

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śālva+bāṇa+ārdita)

• śālva – Śālva (king of Saubha, enemy of Kṛṣṇa)
  proper noun (masculine)
• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• ārdita – tormented, distressed, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √ard 'to torment, to pain' (causative) with ā- prefix + kta.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tasmin pradyumne'.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in him (Pradyumna) (in him, in that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Pradyumna.

प्रद्युम्ने (pradyumne) - in Pradyumna

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pradyumna

pradyumna - Pradyumna (son of Kṛṣṇa)

From pra-√dyu 'to shine forth'.

Prefix: pra

Root: dyu (class 1)

Note: The primary noun in the locative absolute construction.

बलिनाम् (balinām) - among the mighty (of the strong, among the mighty)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of balin

balin - strong, mighty, powerful, having strength

From bala (strength) + -in suffix.

Note: Qualifies the group among whom Pradyumna is the best.

वरे (vare) - among the excellent (in the best, among the excellent)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, superior, choice

From √vṛ 'to choose'.

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Used in a superlative sense with a genitive plural.

वृष्णयः (vṛṣṇayaḥ) - the Vṛṣṇis (the Vṛṣṇis (members of the Yādava clan))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vṛṣṇi

vṛṣṇi - Vṛṣṇi (name of a Yadava clan, Kṛṣṇa's clan)

Note: Subject of 'vivyathuḥ'.

भग्नसङ्कल्पाः (bhagnasaṅkalpāḥ) - with shattered resolve (with shattered resolve, having broken purpose)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhagnasaṅkalpa

bhagnasaṅkalpa - one whose resolve is broken, shattered in purpose

Bahuvrīhi compound: bhagna (broken) + saṅkalpa (resolve).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhagna+saṅkalpa)

• bhagna – broken, shattered, frustrated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √bhañj 'to break' + kta.
  Root: bhañj (class 7)
• saṅkalpa – resolve, intention, determination, mental conception
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-√kḷp 'to intend'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vṛṣṇayaḥ'.

विव्यथुः (vivyathuḥ) - they were distressed (they were distressed, they suffered, they wavered)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of vyath

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

Third person plural perfect of √vyath, with reduplication.

Root: vyath (class 1)

पृतनागताः (pṛtanāgatāḥ) - who had assembled for battle (who had come to the battle, assembled for battle)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pṛtanāgata

pṛtanāgata - come to battle, assembled for battle

Tatpurusha compound: pṛtanā (army, battle) + āgata (come).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pṛtanā+āgata)

• pṛtanā – army, battle, host
  noun (feminine)
• āgata – come, arrived, approached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From ā-√gam 'to come' + kta.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vṛṣṇayaḥ'.