महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-134, verse-5

सर्वे राज्ञो मैथिलस्य मैनाकस्येव पर्वताः ।
निकृष्टभूता राजानो वत्सा अनदुहो यथा ॥५॥

5. sarve rājño maithilasya mainākasyeva parvatāḥ ,
nikṛṣṭabhūtā rājāno vatsā anaduho yathā.

5. sarve rājñaḥ maithilasya mainākasya iva parvatāḥ
nikṛṣṭabhūtāḥ rājānaḥ vatsāḥ anaḍuhaḥ yathā

5. All (other) kings are like (ordinary) mountains, whereas the King of Mithila is like Mainaka. (Thus, other) kings are rendered inferior, becoming like calves compared to a bull.

Words meanings summery:

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (other kings) (all, every)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king, (in the phrase 'the King of Mithila') (of the king, by the king)

• मैथिलस्य (maithilasya) - of the King of Mithila (Janaka) (of the King of Mithila, belonging to Mithila)

• मैनाकस्य (mainākasya) - of Mainaka (the unique, winged mountain, metaphor for Janaka) (of Mainaka (a mythological mountain))

• इव (iva) - like (like, as)

• पर्वताः (parvatāḥ) - (ordinary) mountains (metaphor for other kings) (mountains, hills)

• निकृष्टभूताः (nikṛṣṭabhūtāḥ) - rendered inferior (become inferior, debased, reduced)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - (other) kings (kings)

• वत्साः (vatsāḥ) - calves (calves, young ones)

• अनडुहः (anaḍuhaḥ) - of a bull (as a comparison for Janaka) (of a bull, bullocks, ox)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, like (just as, like, in which way)

Words meanings and morphology

सर्वे (sarve) - all (other kings) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Refers to other kings, implied.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of the king, (in the phrase 'the King of Mithila') (of the king, by the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Appears with Maithilasya, meaning 'of the King of Mithila'.

मैथिलस्य (maithilasya) - of the King of Mithila (Janaka) (of the King of Mithila, belonging to Mithila)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of maithila

maithila - King of Mithila, belonging to Mithila, a native of Mithila

Derived from Mithilā (the capital city of Videha kingdom)

Note: Refers to King Janaka.

मैनाकस्य (mainākasya) - of Mainaka (the unique, winged mountain, metaphor for Janaka) (of Mainaka (a mythological mountain))

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of maināka

maināka - Mainaka, a mythological mountain (son of Himavat and Menakā, brother of Parvati, and the only mountain to escape Indra's wrath and retain its wings)

Note: Used as a point of comparison for the King of Mithila.

इव (iva) - like (like, as)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the simile.

पर्वताः (parvatāḥ) - (ordinary) mountains (metaphor for other kings) (mountains, hills)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parvata

parvata - mountain, hill

Note: Functions as predicate, implying 'are mountains'.

निकृष्टभूताः (nikṛṣṭabhūtāḥ) - rendered inferior (become inferior, debased, reduced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nikṛṣṭabhūta

nikṛṣṭabhūta - become low, debased, inferior, fallen

Past Passive Participle

Compound: nikṛṣṭa (inferior, fallen) + bhūta (become, been), PPP of bhū

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nikṛṣṭa+bhūta)

• nikṛṣṭa – inferior, low, debased, fallen, contemptible
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of ni-kṛṣ (to pull down, degrade)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: kṛṣ (class 1)
• bhūta – become, been, existing, a being
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of root bhū
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājānaḥ'.

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - (other) kings (kings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Subject of the implied verb (are).

वत्साः (vatsāḥ) - calves (calves, young ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, offspring

Note: Predicate noun, 'are like calves'.

अनडुहः (anaḍuhaḥ) - of a bull (as a comparison for Janaka) (of a bull, bullocks, ox)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of anaḍuh

anaḍuh - ox, bullock, bull

Note: Genitive of comparison 'compared to a bull'.

यथा (yathā) - just as, like (just as, like, in which way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the simile.