महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-134, verse-21

ततो महानुदतिष्ठन्निनादस्तूष्णींभूतं सूतपुत्रं निशम्य ।
अधोमुखं ध्यानपरं तदानीमष्टावक्रं चाप्युदीर्यन्तमेव ॥२१॥

21. tato mahānudatiṣṭhannināda;stūṣṇīṁbhūtaṁ sūtaputraṁ niśamya ,
adhomukhaṁ dhyānaparaṁ tadānī;maṣṭāvakraṁ cāpyudīryantameva.

21. tataḥ mahān udatiṣṭhat ninādaḥ |
tūṣṇīmbhūtam Sūtaputram niśamya
| adhōmukham dhyānaparam tadānīm
Aṣṭāvakraṃ ca api udīryantam eva

21. Then a great sound arose, as (they perceived) the son of the charioteer (Sūtaputra) had become silent. At that very moment, Aṣṭāvakra, with his face cast down and absorbed in meditation (dhyāna), was just concluding his utterance.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore, from that)

• महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

• उदतिष्ठत् (udatiṣṭhat) - arose (arose, stood up)

• निनादः (ninādaḥ) - a great sound, a roar (sound, roar, cry)

• तूष्णीम्भूतम् (tūṣṇīmbhūtam) - (having) become silent (having become silent, silenced)

• सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - Sūtaputra (Karṇa, who was Aṣṭāvakra's opponent) (son of a charioteer, Sūtaputra (Karṇa))

• निशम्य (niśamya) - having perceived/understood (that Sūtaputra was silent) (having heard, having perceived, having understood)

• अध्ओमुखम् (adhōmukham) - (Aṣṭāvakra) with his face cast down (downcast face, facing downwards)

• ध्यानपरम् (dhyānaparam) - absorbed in meditation (dhyāna) (absorbed in meditation (dhyāna), intent on meditation)

• तदानीम् (tadānīm) - at that moment (at that time, then)

• अष्टावक्रं (aṣṭāvakraṁ) - Aṣṭāvakra

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - and also (also, even, too)

• उदीर्यन्तम् (udīryantam) - just concluding his utterance / uttering (uttering, pronouncing, speaking out)

• एव (eva) - just, indeed (indeed, only, just, exactly)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix `tas` from pronoun `ta`.

महान् (mahān) - great (great, large, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, powerful, noble

`t`-stem noun/adjective.

Root: mah

Note: Agrees with `ninādaḥ`.

उदतिष्ठत् (udatiṣṭhat) - arose (arose, stood up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of ut-sthā

Imperfect active

3rd person singular, Imperfect active, of `ut-sthā`. Upasarga `ud`, root `sthā`.

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

निनादः (ninādaḥ) - a great sound, a roar (sound, roar, cry)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nināda

nināda - sound, noise, roar, cry

From `ni-nad` (to sound).

Prefix: ni

Root: nad (class 1)

तूष्णीम्भूतम् (tūṣṇīmbhūtam) - (having) become silent (having become silent, silenced)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tūṣṇīmbhūta

tūṣṇīmbhūta - having become silent, silenced

Past Passive Participle (compound with `bhūta`)

Compound of `tūṣṇīm` (silently) and `bhūta` (become, PPP of `bhū`).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tūṣṇīm+bhūta)

• tūṣṇīm – silently, quietly
  indeclinable
• bhūta – become, been, past
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  PPP of `bhū`
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of the absolutive `niśamya`.

सूतपुत्रम् (sūtaputram) - Sūtaputra (Karṇa, who was Aṣṭāvakra's opponent) (son of a charioteer, Sūtaputra (Karṇa))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Sūtaputra

Sūtaputra - son of a charioteer; a term often used for Karṇa in the Mahābhārata, implying his low social status.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `niśamya`.

निशम्य (niśamya) - having perceived/understood (that Sūtaputra was silent) (having heard, having perceived, having understood)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive of root `śam` with `ni` prefix.

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Refers to the agent, which is not explicitly stated but implied in the context (the audience).

अध्ओमुखम् (adhōmukham) - (Aṣṭāvakra) with his face cast down (downcast face, facing downwards)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhōmukha

adhōmukha - downcast face, facing downwards

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adhas+mukha)

• adhas – below, downwards
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative masculine singular, qualifying `Aṣṭāvakraṃ`.

ध्यानपरम् (dhyānaparam) - absorbed in meditation (dhyāna) (absorbed in meditation (dhyāna), intent on meditation)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhyānapara

dhyānapara - intent on meditation, absorbed in meditation (dhyāna)

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhyāna+para)

• dhyāna – meditation, contemplation (dhyāna)
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhyāi (class 1)
• para – intent on, devoted to, supreme, other
  adjective

Note: Accusative masculine singular, qualifying `Aṣṭāvakraṃ`.

तदानीम् (tadānīm) - at that moment (at that time, then)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial.

अष्टावक्रं (aṣṭāvakraṁ) - Aṣṭāvakra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Aṣṭāvakra

Aṣṭāvakra - A proper name, literally 'one with eight (aṣṭa) bends (vakra)', name of a sage.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aṣṭa+vakra)

• aṣṭa – eight
  numeral
• vakra – bent, crooked
  adjective

Note: Object of implied verb (e.g., 'they saw Aṣṭāvakra').

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - and also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/emphatic particle.

उदीर्यन्तम् (udīryantam) - just concluding his utterance / uttering (uttering, pronouncing, speaking out)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of udīrayat

udīrayat - uttering, pronouncing, speaking out, mentioning

Present active participle

PAP of `ud-īr` (to utter). `ud` prefix, `īr` root.

Prefix: ud

Root: īr (class 2)

एव (eva) - just, indeed (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)