महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-134, verse-12

अष्टावक्र उवाच ।
षडाधाने दक्षिणामाहुरेके षडेवेमे ऋतवः कालचक्रम् ।
षडिन्द्रियाण्युत षट्कृत्तिकाश्च षट्साद्यस्काः सर्ववेदेषु दृष्टाः ॥१२॥

12. aṣṭāvakra uvāca ,
ṣaḍādhāne dakṣiṇāmāhureke; ṣaḍeveme ṛtavaḥ kālacakram ,
ṣaḍindriyāṇyuta ṣaṭkṛttikāśca; ṣaṭsādyaskāḥ sarvavedeṣu dṛṣṭāḥ.

12. aṣṭāvakra uvāca ṣaṭ ādhāne dakṣiṇām
āhuḥ eke ṣaṭ eva ime ṛtavaḥ kālacakram
ṣaṭ indriyāṇi uta ṣaṭ kṛttikāḥ
ca ṣaṭ sādyaskāḥ sarvavedeṣu dṛṣṭāḥ

12. Aṣṭāvakra said: Some assert that there are six ritual fees (dakṣiṇā) in the ādhāna (fire-establishment ritual). These six seasons (ṛtavaḥ) form the wheel of time. Moreover, there are six sense organs (indriyāṇi) and six Kṛttikās (Pleiades), and six sādyaskāḥ (one-day rituals) are observed in all the Vedas.

Words meanings summery:

• अष्टावक्र (aṣṭāvakra) - Aṣṭāvakra (name of a sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

• आधाने (ādhāne) - in the fire-establishment ritual (ādhāna) (in the placing, in the establishing)

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - ritual fee (fee, gift, donation (given to priests))

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• एके (eke) - some (people), certain ones

• षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

• इमे (ime) - these

• ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) - seasons

• कालचक्रम् (kālacakram) - wheel of time, cycle of time

• षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

• इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - sense organs (sense organs, powers, faculties)

• उत (uta) - moreover, and (and, also, moreover; or)

• षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

• कृत्तिकाः (kṛttikāḥ) - the Kṛttikās (Pleiades constellation) (the Pleiades (a constellation), the Kṛttikās)

• च (ca) - and

• षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

• साद्यस्काः (sādyaskāḥ) - sādyaskāḥ (one-day rituals) ((sacrifices) lasting one day)

• सर्ववेदेषु (sarvavedeṣu) - in all the Vedas (in all Vedas)

• दृष्टाः (dṛṣṭāḥ) - seen, observed (seen, observed, perceived)

Words meanings and morphology

अष्टावक्र (aṣṭāvakra) - Aṣṭāvakra (name of a sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṣṭāvakra

aṣṭāvakra - A sage, son of Kahoda. Literally 'eight-bends' (referring to his physical deformity).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aṣṭan+vakra)

• aṣṭan – eight
  numeral
• vakra – bent, crooked
  adjective
  Root: vaṅk (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect formation from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

(numeral)

Note: Used here in accusative plural, implicitly modifying 'dakṣiṇām'.

आधाने (ādhāne) - in the fire-establishment ritual (ādhāna) (in the placing, in the establishing)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ādhāna

ādhāna - placing, establishing, depositing; a Vedic ritual of establishing sacred fires

From prefix ā- + root dhā (to place, put).

Prefix: ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: The ādhāna ritual (agnihotrādhāna) is the establishment of the sacred household fires.

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - ritual fee (fee, gift, donation (given to priests))

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - sacrificial fee, gift, donation; right (direction); southern

Feminine form from 'dakṣiṇa'.

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'. The numeral 'ṣaṭ' is understood to modify this.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ah

Present active

3rd person plural, present indicative active. Irregular root.

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Subject 'eke'.

एके (eke) - some (people), certain ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of eka

eka - one, a, certain; some (in plural)

Masculine nominative plural form.

Note: Functions as the subject of 'āhuḥ'.

षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

(numeral)

Note: Used here in nominative plural, modifying 'ṛtavaḥ'.

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, precisely

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes 'these six'.

इमे (ime) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, this one

Masculine nominative plural form of 'idam'.

Note: Agrees with 'ṛtavaḥ'.

ऋतवः (ṛtavaḥ) - seasons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ṛtu

ṛtu - season, fixed time, period

Note: The six seasons are Vasanta (spring), Grīṣma (summer), Varṣā (monsoon), Śarad (autumn), Hemanta (winter), Śiśira (dewy season).

कालचक्रम् (kālacakram) - wheel of time, cycle of time

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kālacakra

kālacakra - wheel of time, cycle of time, time-wheel

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāla+cakra)

• kāla – time, period, season
  noun (masculine)
• cakra – wheel, disc, circle
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'ṛtavaḥ'.

षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

(numeral)

Note: Used here in nominative plural, modifying 'indriyāṇi'.

इन्द्रियाणि (indriyāṇi) - sense organs (sense organs, powers, faculties)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of indriya

indriya - sense organ, faculty, power, vitality, virility

Derived from 'indra' (lord) often associated with power.

उत (uta) - moreover, and (and, also, moreover; or)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Functions as a conjunction, connecting items in a list.

षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

(numeral)

Note: Used here in nominative plural, modifying 'kṛttikāḥ'.

कृत्तिकाः (kṛttikāḥ) - the Kṛttikās (Pleiades constellation) (the Pleiades (a constellation), the Kṛttikās)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kṛttikā

kṛttikā - the Pleiades, a constellation of six stars, regarded as mothers of Skanda (Kārttikeya)

Feminine noun.

Note: The six Kṛttikā stars.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

षट् (ṣaṭ) - six

(numeral)

Note: Used here in nominative plural, modifying 'sādyaskāḥ'.

साद्यस्काः (sādyaskāḥ) - sādyaskāḥ (one-day rituals) ((sacrifices) lasting one day)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sādyaska

sādyaska - (a ritual or sacrifice) lasting for one day, 'one-day'

Derived from 'sadyas' (on the same day).

Note: These are a category of Soma sacrifices that are completed in a single day, mentioned in Śrauta Sūtras.

सर्ववेदेषु (sarvavedeṣu) - in all the Vedas (in all Vedas)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of sarvaveda

sarvaveda - all Vedas

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+veda)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• veda – knowledge, Veda
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vid (class 2)

दृष्टाः (dṛṣṭāḥ) - seen, observed (seen, observed, perceived)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived, apparent, known

Past Passive Participle

From root dṛś (to see) with past passive participle suffix -ta.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as predicate, agreeing with 'sādyaskāḥ' and implicitly with 'kṛttikāḥ'.