महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-67, verse-18

ताः समेत्य ततश्चक्रुः समयानिति नः श्रुतम् ।
वाक्क्रूरो दण्डपुरुषो यश्च स्यात्पारदारिकः ।
यश्च न स्वमथादद्यात्त्याज्या नस्तादृशा इति ॥१८॥

18. tāḥ sametya tataścakruḥ samayāniti naḥ śrutam ,
vākkrūro daṇḍapuruṣo yaśca syātpāradārikaḥ ,
yaśca na svamathādadyāttyājyā nastādṛśā iti.

18. tāḥ sametya tataḥ cakruḥ samayān iti
naḥ śrutam vākkrūraḥ daṇḍapuruṣaḥ
yaḥ ca syāt pāradārikaḥ yaḥ ca na svam
atha dadyāt tyājyāḥ naḥ tādṛśāḥ iti

18. naḥ śrutam iti tāḥ sametya tataḥ samayān cakruḥ yaḥ ca vākkrūraḥ daṇḍapuruṣaḥ syāt,
yaḥ ca pāradārikaḥ,
yaḥ ca svam atha na dadyāt,
tādṛśāḥ naḥ tyājyāḥ iti.

18. Having assembled, they then made these agreements, as we have heard: "Whoever is harsh in speech, or oppressive, or an adulterer, or does not return what is due to others – such individuals are to be cast out by us."

Words meanings summery:

• ताः (tāḥ) - those women (those, they)

• समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having gathered

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

• चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did, they performed

• समयान् (samayān) - agreements, conventions, contracts

• इति (iti) - marker for quoted speech or thought (thus, so)

• नः (naḥ) - by us (agent of passive 'śrutam') (by us, to us, of us)

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - It is heard, what is heard (heard, listened, revealed)

• वाक्क्रूरः (vākkrūraḥ) - harsh in speech, cruel-tongued

• दण्डपुरुषः (daṇḍapuruṣaḥ) - an oppressive person, a punisher, an enforcer

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

• च (ca) - and, also

• स्यात् (syāt) - might be, should be, may be

• पारदारिकः (pāradārikaḥ) - an adulterer, one who goes to another's wife

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• स्वम् (svam) - what is due (property or rightful share) (one's own, his own, property)

• अथ (atha) - then, moreover, and

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - might give (back what is due) (might give, should give, would give)

• त्याज्याः (tyājyāḥ) - to be abandoned, to be cast out, to be given up

• नः (naḥ) - by us (agent of passive 'tyājyāḥ') (by us, to us, of us)

• तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - such people (such, of that kind)

• इति (iti) - marker for quoted speech or thought (thus, so)

Words meanings and morphology

ताः (tāḥ) - those women (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

समेत्य (sametya) - having met, having gathered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root 'i' (to go) with prefixes 'sam' and 'a', and the suffix '-tvā' (which becomes '-ya' after prefixes).

Prefixes: sam+a

Root: i (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, from there

(indeclinable)

Derived from the pronominal stem 'tad' with the suffix '-tas'.

चक्रुः (cakruḥ) - they made, they did, they performed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Perfect (Lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

समयान् (samayān) - agreements, conventions, contracts

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of samaya

samaya - agreement, convention, covenant, contract, appointed time

Derived from the root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'sam' (to come together).

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

इति (iti) - marker for quoted speech or thought (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

नः (naḥ) - by us (agent of passive 'śrutam') (by us, to us, of us)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Used here as an agent of the passive participle 'śrutam' (heard by us).

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - It is heard, what is heard (heard, listened, revealed)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened to, revealed (as in scripture)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'śru' (to hear) with the suffix '-ta'.

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Here functioning as a predicate adjective or noun, with an implied 'this is'.

वाक्क्रूरः (vākkrūraḥ) - harsh in speech, cruel-tongued

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vākkrūra

vākkrūra - harsh-spoken, cruel-worded

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (vāc+krūra)

• vāc – speech, word, voice
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)
• krūra – cruel, harsh, fierce, painful
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: kṛ

दण्डपुरुषः (daṇḍapuruṣaḥ) - an oppressive person, a punisher, an enforcer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍapuruṣa

daṇḍapuruṣa - man of punishment, a punitive officer, an oppressive person

Compound type : Tatpurusha (daṇḍa+puruṣa)

• daṇḍa – stick, rod, punishment, scepter, force
  noun (masculine)
  Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
• puruṣa – man, person, male, human being, cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pṛ

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

स्यात् (syāt) - might be, should be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

पारदारिकः (pāradārikaḥ) - an adulterer, one who goes to another's wife

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāradārika

pāradārika - an adulterer, having to do with another's wife

Derived from 'paradāra' (another's wife) with the suffix '-ika'.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

स्वम् (svam) - what is due (property or rightful share) (one's own, his own, property)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, own, proper, dear; property, wealth (as noun)

अथ (atha) - then, moreover, and

(indeclinable)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - might give (back what is due) (might give, should give, would give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative (Vidhi Liṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

त्याज्याः (tyājyāḥ) - to be abandoned, to be cast out, to be given up

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tyājya

tyājya - to be abandoned, to be rejected, to be given up

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from the root 'tyaj' (to abandon) with the suffix '-ya'.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with an implied plural subject like 'tādṛśāḥ janāḥ' (such people).

नः (naḥ) - by us (agent of passive 'tyājyāḥ') (by us, to us, of us)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Used here as an agent of the passive gerundive 'tyājyāḥ'.

तादृशाः (tādṛśāḥ) - such people (such, of that kind)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tādṛśa

tādṛśa - such, of that sort, like that

Compound 'tad' (that) + 'dṛś' (see/appear) + suffix '-a'.

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (tad+dṛś)

• tad – that, those
  pronoun
• dṛś – seeing, appearing, like
  adjective
  Root: dṛś

इति (iti) - marker for quoted speech or thought (thus, so)

(indeclinable)