महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-67, verse-10

यदतप्तं प्रणमति न तत्संतापयन्त्युत ।
यच्च स्वयं नतं दारु न तत्संनामयन्त्यपि ॥१०॥

10. yadataptaṁ praṇamati na tatsaṁtāpayantyuta ,
yacca svayaṁ nataṁ dāru na tatsaṁnāmayantyapi.

10. yat ataptam praṇamati na tat saṃtāpayanti uta |
yat ca svayam natam dāru na tat saṃnāmayanti api

10. yat ataptam praṇamati tat uta na saṃtāpayanti
yat ca svayam natam dāru tat api na saṃnāmayanti

10. One does not torment that which is not heated and readily submits. Similarly, one does not bend wood that is already naturally bent.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• अतप्तम् (ataptam) - unheated, untormented

• प्रणमति (praṇamati) - bows down, submits, yields

• न (na) - not

• तत् (tat) - that

• संतापयन्ति (saṁtāpayanti) - they torment, they cause to burn/heat

• उत (uta) - moreover, also, and

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• च (ca) - and

• स्वयम् (svayam) - by itself, naturally, spontaneously

• नतम् (natam) - bent, bowed

• दारु (dāru) - wood, timber

• न (na) - not

• तत् (tat) - that

• संनामयन्ति (saṁnāmayanti) - they bend (it)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Functions as the subject of the clause.

अतप्तम् (ataptam) - unheated, untormented

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of atapta

atapta - unheated, untormented, not distressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √tap (to heat, torment) with a- (negation) and -ta suffix.

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+tapta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• tapta – heated, tormented
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √tap.
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yat'.

प्रणमति (praṇamati) - bows down, submits, yields

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of praṇam

Present Active Indicative

3rd person singular present indicative of √nam (to bend, bow) with pra- prefix.

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'saṃtāpayanti'.

संतापयन्ति (saṁtāpayanti) - they torment, they cause to burn/heat

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of saṃtāpay

Causative Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural present indicative, causative of √tap (to heat, torment) with saṃ- prefix.

Prefix: sam

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'people' or 'they'.

उत (uta) - moreover, also, and

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to emphasize or link the two clauses.

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Subject of the clause 'yat dāru natam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two main clauses.

स्वयम् (svayam) - by itself, naturally, spontaneously

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'natam'.

नतम् (natam) - bent, bowed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nata

nata - bent, bowed, humble

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √nam (to bend, bow) with -ta suffix.

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'dāru'.

दारु (dāru) - wood, timber

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dāru

dāru - wood, timber

Note: Subject of the second clause.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'saṃnāmayanti'.

संनामयन्ति (saṁnāmayanti) - they bend (it)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of saṃnāmay

Causative Present Active Indicative

3rd person plural present indicative, causative of √nam (to bend, bow) with saṃ- prefix.

Prefix: sam

Root: nam (class 1)

Note: Implied subject is 'people' or 'they'.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the similarity or addition.