महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-67, verse-11

एतयोपमया धीरः संनमेत बलीयसे ।
इन्द्राय स प्रणमते नमते यो बलीयसे ॥११॥

11. etayopamayā dhīraḥ saṁnameta balīyase ,
indrāya sa praṇamate namate yo balīyase.

11. etayā upamayā dhīraḥ saṃnameta balīyase |
indrāya saḥ praṇamate namate yaḥ balīyase

11. dhīraḥ etayā upamayā balīyase saṃnameta
yaḥ balīyase namate saḥ indrāya praṇamate

11. Following this analogy, a wise person should submit to the stronger. Indeed, whoever submits to the stronger, submits to Indra.

Words meanings summery:

• एतया (etayā) - by this

• उपमया (upamayā) - by analogy, by comparison, by example

• धीरः (dhīraḥ) - a wise person, a steadfast one

• संनमेत (saṁnameta) - should bow down, should submit

• बलीयसे (balīyase) - to the stronger, to the more powerful

• इन्द्राय (indrāya) - to Indra

• सः (saḥ) - he

• प्रणमते (praṇamate) - he bows down, he submits

• नमते (namate) - he bows down, he submits

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• बलीयसे (balīyase) - to the stronger, to the more powerful

Words meanings and morphology

एतया (etayā) - by this

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Agrees with 'upamayā'.

उपमया (upamayā) - by analogy, by comparison, by example

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of upamā

upamā - analogy, comparison, simile, example

धीरः (dhīraḥ) - a wise person, a steadfast one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - wise, sagacious, firm, steadfast, brave

From dhī (thought, intellect) + -ra suffix.

Note: Functions as the subject of 'saṃnameta'.

संनमेत (saṁnameta) - should bow down, should submit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of saṃnam

Optative Active

3rd person singular optative active of √nam (to bend, bow) with saṃ- prefix.

Prefix: sam

Root: nam (class 1)

बलीयसे (balīyase) - to the stronger, to the more powerful

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of balīyas

balīyas - stronger, more powerful

Comparative adjective

Comparative form of bala (strength) or balin (strong).

Note: Takes dative case.

इन्द्राय (indrāya) - to Indra

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of indra

indra - Indra (name of a Vedic deity), chief, best

Note: Takes dative case.

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'praṇamate'.

प्रणमते (praṇamate) - he bows down, he submits

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of praṇam

Present Middle Indicative

3rd person singular present indicative of √nam (to bend, bow) with pra- prefix, used in middle voice here.

Prefix: pra

Root: nam (class 1)

नमते (namate) - he bows down, he submits

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of nam

Present Middle Indicative

3rd person singular present indicative of √nam (to bend, bow), middle voice.

Root: nam (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun, subject of 'namate'.

बलीयसे (balīyase) - to the stronger, to the more powerful

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of balīyas

balīyas - stronger, more powerful

Comparative adjective

Comparative form of bala (strength) or balin (strong).

Note: Takes dative case.