महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-67, verse-12

तस्माद्राजैव कर्तव्यः सततं भूतिमिच्छता ।
न धनार्थो न दारार्थस्तेषां येषामराजकम् ॥१२॥

12. tasmādrājaiva kartavyaḥ satataṁ bhūtimicchatā ,
na dhanārtho na dārārthasteṣāṁ yeṣāmarājakam.

12. tasmāt rājā eva kartavyaḥ satatam bhūtim icchatā
| na dhanārthaḥ na dārārthaḥ teṣām yeṣām arājakam

12. tasmāt bhūtim icchatā satatam rājā eva kartavyaḥ
yeṣām arājakam teṣām dhanārthaḥ na dārārthaḥ na

12. Therefore, one who desires prosperity should always establish a king. For those among whom there is no king (anarchy), wealth and wives hold no value.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• राजा (rājā) - a king

• एव (eva) - alone, only, indeed

• कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be done, should be made, should be established

• सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly

• भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity, welfare, power

• इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring

• न (na) - not

• धनार्थः (dhanārthaḥ) - for the sake of wealth, having wealth as purpose, wealth (as a purpose)

• न (na) - not

• दारार्थः (dārārthaḥ) - for the sake of wives, having wives as purpose, wives (as a purpose)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, for them

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom, among whom

• अराजकम् (arājakam) - state of no king, anarchy

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverbial connective, 'therefore'.

राजा (rājā) - a king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of 'kartavyaḥ'.

एव (eva) - alone, only, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कर्तव्यः (kartavyaḥ) - should be done, should be made, should be established

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, to be made, proper to be done

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from √kṛ (to do, make) with -tavya suffix.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'kartavyaḥ'.

भूतिम् (bhūtim) - prosperity, welfare, power

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhūti

bhūti - welfare, prosperity, well-being, power, existence

From √bhū (to be, become).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Object of 'icchatā'.

इच्छता (icchatā) - by one desiring

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - desiring, wishing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of √iṣ (to desire, wish).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Agent of the passive 'kartavyaḥ'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

धनार्थः (dhanārthaḥ) - for the sake of wealth, having wealth as purpose, wealth (as a purpose)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanārtha

dhanārtha - for the sake of wealth, having wealth as object/purpose

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhana+artha)

• dhana – wealth, riches
  noun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate, implies 'is not (valuable/existent)'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

दारार्थः (dārārthaḥ) - for the sake of wives, having wives as purpose, wives (as a purpose)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dārārtha

dārārtha - for the sake of wives, having wives as object/purpose

Compound type : tatpurusha (dāra+artha)

• dāra – wife, wives
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate, implies 'is not (valuable/existent)'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, for them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'those people'.

येषाम् (yeṣām) - of whom, among whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who

Note: Relative pronoun, introducing the clause 'yeṣām arājakam'.

अराजकम् (arājakam) - state of no king, anarchy

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of arājaka

arājaka - without a king, anarchy, a state of anarchy

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+rājan)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate in the relative clause, 'for whom there is anarchy'.