महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-66, verse-21

यस्मिन्न नश्यन्ति गुणाः कौन्तेय पुरुषे सदा ।
आश्रमस्थं तमप्याहुर्नरश्रेष्ठं युधिष्ठिर ॥२१॥

21. yasminna naśyanti guṇāḥ kaunteya puruṣe sadā ,
āśramasthaṁ tamapyāhurnaraśreṣṭhaṁ yudhiṣṭhira.

21. yasmin na naśyanti guṇāḥ kaunteya puruṣe sadā
āśramastham tam api āhuḥ naraśreṣṭham yudhiṣṭhira

21. kaunteya yudhiṣṭhira yasmin puruṣe guṇāḥ sadā na naśyanti,
tam āśramastham api naraśreṣṭham āhuḥ

21. O son of Kunti, O Yudhiṣṭhira, the person (puruṣa) in whom qualities (guṇa) never perish, him they also declare to be the best among men, even if he dwells in an āśrama (stage of life).

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom (in whom, in which)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - perish (they perish, they are lost)

• गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (guṇa) (qualities, virtues, strands (of prakṛti))

• कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O son of Kunti)

• पुरुषे (puruṣe) - in that person (in a man, in a person)

• सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly)

• आश्रमस्थम् (āśramastham) - dwelling in an āśrama (stage of life) (residing in an āśrama, belonging to an āśrama)

• तम् (tam) - him (him, that)

• अपि (api) - also, even if (also, even, too, though)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

• नरश्रेष्ठम् (naraśreṣṭham) - the best among men (best among men, chief of men)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom (in whom, in which)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun

Note: Corresponds to puruṣe.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

नश्यन्ति (naśyanti) - perish (they perish, they are lost)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of naśyanti

Present indicative, 3rd person, plural, active voice

From root naś (4th class)

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Subject is guṇāḥ.

गुणाः (guṇāḥ) - qualities (guṇa) (qualities, virtues, strands (of prakṛti))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, excellence, attribute; a string, thread; a constituent (sattva, rajas, tamas)

Note: Subject of naśyanti.

कौन्तेय (kaunteya) - O son of Kunti (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (O son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti (Pṛthā); an epithet of the Pāṇḍavas

Patronymic from kuntī

पुरुषे (puruṣe) - in that person (in a man, in a person)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, male, person, human being, the (supreme) cosmic person (puruṣa), spirit

Note: yasmin refers to this puruṣe.

सदा (sadā) - always (always, constantly)

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb

आश्रमस्थम् (āśramastham) - dwelling in an āśrama (stage of life) (residing in an āśrama, belonging to an āśrama)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āśramastha

āśramastha - abiding in an āśrama; a dweller in an āśrama

Formed from āśrama + stha (from root sthā "to stand")

Compound type : tatpurusha (āśrama+stha)

• āśrama – hermitage; stage of life (e.g., student, householder, forest-dweller, renunciant); a place of spiritual retreat
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-śram "to toil, exert oneself"
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śram (class 4)
• stha – standing, staying, abiding, existing in
  adjective (masculine)
  suffix -stha from root sthā
  A noun-forming or adjective-forming suffix indicating "standing in" or "located in"
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with tam.

तम् (tam) - him (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Object of āhuḥ.

अपि (api) - also, even if (also, even, too, though)

(indeclinable)

Particle

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of āhuḥ

Perfect 3rd person plural (equivalent to u-vac-uḥ)

Irregular perfect form from root brū (2nd class) or vac (2nd class, ud stem is uvac). Often used as present tense in meaning.

Root: brū/vac (class 2)

Note: The subject is implied "people" or "sages".

नरश्रेष्ठम् (naraśreṣṭham) - the best among men (best among men, chief of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best among men, chief of men, most excellent man

Compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (praise-worthy)
  Root: praśas

Note: Predicate accusative for tam.

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle; name of the eldest Pāṇḍava

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root used as noun
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant, immovable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā "to stand"
  Root: sthā (class 1)