महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-66, verse-17

ज्येष्ठानुज्येष्ठपत्नीनां भ्रातॄणां पुत्रनप्तृणाम् ।
निग्रहानुग्रहौ पार्थ गार्हस्थ्यमिति तत्तपः ॥१७॥

17. jyeṣṭhānujyeṣṭhapatnīnāṁ bhrātṝṇāṁ putranaptṛṇām ,
nigrahānugrahau pārtha gārhasthyamiti tattapaḥ.

17. jyeṣṭha-anujyeṣṭha-patnīnām bhrātṝṇām putra-naptṝṇām
nigraha-anugrahau pārtha gārhasthyam iti tat tapaḥ

17. pārtha,
jyeṣṭha-anujyeṣṭha-patnīnām bhrātṝṇām putra-naptṝṇām nigraha-anugrahau gārhasthyam iti tat tapaḥ

17. O son of Pṛthā (Pārtha), exercising both control and favor (nigraha-anugrahau) over the wives of elder and younger brothers, over brothers, and over sons and grandsons – this, indeed, is the austerity (tapas) of the householder's life (āśrama).

Words meanings summery:

• ज्येष्ठ-अनुज्येष्ठ-पत्नीनाम् (jyeṣṭha-anujyeṣṭha-patnīnām) - of the wives of elder and younger brothers

• भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrātṝṇām) - of brothers

• पुत्र-नप्तॄणाम् (putra-naptṝṇām) - of sons and grandsons

• निग्रह-अनुग्रहौ (nigraha-anugrahau) - restraint and favor, control and protection, punishment and reward

• पार्थ (pārtha) - Used to address Arjuna, as Pṛthā (Kunti) was his mother. (O son of Pṛthā)

• गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - householder's life, domesticity, state of a householder

• इति (iti) - Used to indicate the end of a quote or a definition: 'this is called...', 'thus it is'. (thus, so, in this way)

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

Words meanings and morphology

ज्येष्ठ-अनुज्येष्ठ-पत्नीनाम् (jyeṣṭha-anujyeṣṭha-patnīnām) - of the wives of elder and younger brothers

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of jyeṣṭha-anujyeṣṭha-patnī

jyeṣṭha-anujyeṣṭha-patnī - wife of an elder or younger brother

Compound referring to the wives of both elder and younger siblings.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jyeṣṭha+anujyeṣṭha+patnī)

• jyeṣṭha – eldest, senior, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of 'vṛddha' (old).
• anujyeṣṭha – younger, next in seniority
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'anu-' (after) and 'jyeṣṭha' (elder).
  Prefix: anu
• patnī – wife, mistress of the house
  noun (feminine)

भ्रातॄणाम् (bhrātṝṇām) - of brothers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

पुत्र-नप्तॄणाम् (putra-naptṝṇām) - of sons and grandsons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra-naptṛ

putra-naptṛ - sons and grandsons

Dvandva compound of 'putra' (son) and 'naptṛ' (grandson).

Compound type : dvandva (putra+naptṛ)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• naptṛ – grandson, descendant
  noun (masculine)

निग्रह-अनुग्रहौ (nigraha-anugrahau) - restraint and favor, control and protection, punishment and reward

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of nigraha-anugraha

nigraha-anugraha - restraint and favor, control and compassion, punishment and grace

Dvandva compound of 'nigraha' (restraint/punishment) and 'anugraha' (favor/compassion).

Compound type : dvandva (nigraha+anugraha)

• nigraha – restraint, control, punishment, suppression
  noun (masculine)
  Action noun
  From prefix 'ni-' and root '√grah' (to seize, to hold).
  Prefix: ni
  Root: grah (class 9)
• anugraha – favor, kindness, compassion, grace, protection
  noun (masculine)
  Action noun
  From prefix 'anu-' and root '√grah' (to seize, to hold).
  Prefix: anu
  Root: grah (class 9)

पार्थ (pārtha) - Used to address Arjuna, as Pṛthā (Kunti) was his mother. (O son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā, Arjuna

Patronymic derived from 'Pṛthā' (another name for Kuntī).

गार्हस्थ्यम् (gārhasthyam) - householder's life, domesticity, state of a householder

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gārhasthya

gārhasthya - householder's life, domestic state, the āśrama of a householder

Derived from 'gṛhastha' (householder) with the suffix '-ya'.

इति (iti) - Used to indicate the end of a quote or a definition: 'this is called...', 'thus it is'. (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual fervor, heat

From root √tap (to heat, to burn).

Root: tap (class 1)