महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-50, verse-16

सुसूक्ष्मोऽपीह देहे वै शल्यो जनयते रुजम् ।
किं पुनः शरसंघातैश्चितस्य तव भारत ॥१६॥

16. susūkṣmo'pīha dehe vai śalyo janayate rujam ,
kiṁ punaḥ śarasaṁghātaiścitasya tava bhārata.

16. susūkṣmaḥ api iha dehe vai śalyaḥ janayate rujam
kim punaḥ śarasaṃghātaiḥ citasya tava bhārata

16. iha dehe susūkṣmaḥ api śalyaḥ vai rujam janayate; bhārata,
punaḥ śarasaṃghātaiḥ citasya tava kim (rujam)?

16. Indeed, even a very subtle thorn in the body causes pain. Then how much more (pain is there) for you, O Bhārata (Bhīṣma), who are pierced by masses of arrows?

Words meanings summery:

• सुसूक्ष्मः (susūkṣmaḥ) - even a very subtle one (very subtle, extremely minute)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• इह (iha) - here (in the body/this world) (here, in this world, in this case)

• देहे (dehe) - in the body

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly (emphatic particle))

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - a thorn (a dart, an arrow-head, a thorn, a foreign body causing pain)

• जनयते (janayate) - causes (causes, produces, generates)

• रुजम् (rujam) - pain (pain, disease, sickness)

• किम् (kim) - how much more? (what? how much?)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - then how much more (again, moreover, then)

• शरसंघातैः (śarasaṁghātaiḥ) - by masses of arrows (by masses of arrows, by collections of arrows)

• चितस्य (citasya) - of one who is pierced (by arrows) (of one pierced, covered, heaped with)

• तव (tava) - of you (Bhishma) (of you, your)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (referring to Bhishma, as a descendant of Bharata) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

Words meanings and morphology

सुसूक्ष्मः (susūkṣmaḥ) - even a very subtle one (very subtle, extremely minute)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susūkṣma

susūkṣma - very subtle, extremely minute, delicate

Compound of su (good/very) + sūkṣma (subtle).

Compound type : karmadharaya (su+sūkṣma)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• sūkṣma – subtle, minute, fine
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sūc (class 10)

Note: Agrees with śalyaḥ.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here (in the body/this world) (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

देहे (dehe) - in the body

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, form

Root: dih (class 2)

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, surely, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - a thorn (a dart, an arrow-head, a thorn, a foreign body causing pain)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - a dart, an arrow-head, a thorn, any foreign body causing pain, a bone

From root śal (to move quickly).

Root: śal (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'janayate'.

जनयते (janayate) - causes (causes, produces, generates)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Present active indicative (causative)

Third person singular, present tense, middle voice (causative stem jan-ay-).

Root: jan (class 4)

रुजम् (rujam) - pain (pain, disease, sickness)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ruj

ruj - pain, sickness, disease

From root ruj (to break, to pain).

Root: ruj (class 7)

Note: Object of 'janayate'.

किम् (kim) - how much more? (what? how much?)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Used idiomatically with punaḥ.

पुनः (punaḥ) - then how much more (again, moreover, then)

(indeclinable)

शरसंघातैः (śarasaṁghātaiḥ) - by masses of arrows (by masses of arrows, by collections of arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śarasaṃghāta

śarasaṁghāta - a mass of arrows, collection of arrows

Compound type : tatpurusha (śara+saṃghāta)

• śara – arrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śṛ (class 1)
• saṃghāta – collection, mass, accumulation
  noun (masculine)
  From root han with sam- prefix + ghañ suffix
  Prefix: sam
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Instrument by which 'you' are pierced.

चितस्य (citasya) - of one who is pierced (by arrows) (of one pierced, covered, heaped with)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of cita

cita - piled up, heaped, covered with, pierced

Past Passive Participle

From root ci (to pile, gather, perceive), here in the sense of 'covered' or 'pierced'.

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Participle modifying the implied 'you'.

तव (tava) - of you (Bhishma) (of you, your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (referring to Bhishma, as a descendant of Bharata) (O descendant of Bharata, O Indian)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to Bharata, Indian

From Bharata with aṇ suffix.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)