महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-50, verse-11

तपोवृद्धिं ततः पृष्ट्वा गाङ्गेयं यदुकौरवाः ।
परिवार्य ततः सर्वे निषेदुः पुरुषर्षभाः ॥११॥

11. tapovṛddhiṁ tataḥ pṛṣṭvā gāṅgeyaṁ yadukauravāḥ ,
parivārya tataḥ sarve niṣeduḥ puruṣarṣabhāḥ.

11. tapaḥ-vṛddhim tataḥ pṛṣṭvā gāṅgeyam yadu-kauravāḥ
parivārya tataḥ sarve niṣeduḥ puruṣa-ṛṣabhāḥ

11. tataḥ yadu-kauravāḥ puruṣa-ṛṣabhāḥ sarve gāṅgeyam
tapaḥ-vṛddhim pṛṣṭvā tataḥ parivārya niṣeduḥ

11. Then, having inquired about the progress of his penance (tapas) from Gaṅgeya (Bhīṣma), all the Yadus and Kauravas, who were the foremost among men (puruṣa), surrounded him and sat down.

Words meanings summery:

• तपः-वृद्धिम् (tapaḥ-vṛddhim) - the increase or progress in his ascetic practices (increase in penance, growth in austerity)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having asked, after asking

• गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Gaṅgeya (son of Gaṅgā), Bhīṣma

• यदु-कौरवाः (yadu-kauravāḥ) - the Yadus and the Kauravas

• परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, after surrounding

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - they sat down

• पुरुष-ऋषभाः (puruṣa-ṛṣabhāḥ) - best among men, foremost of men

Words meanings and morphology

तपः-वृद्धिम् (tapaḥ-vṛddhim) - the increase or progress in his ascetic practices (increase in penance, growth in austerity)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tapas-vṛddhi

tapas-vṛddhi - increase in penance, growth in austerity

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapas+vṛddhi)

• tapas – penance, austerity, spiritual discipline (tapas)
  noun (neuter)
• vṛddhi – growth, increase, prosperity
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vṛdh (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

A particle indicating succession or cause.

पृष्ट्वा (pṛṣṭvā) - having asked, after asking

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root: prach (class 6)

गाङ्गेयम् (gāṅgeyam) - Gaṅgeya (son of Gaṅgā), Bhīṣma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāṅgeya

gāṅgeya - Gaṅgeya, son of Gaṅgā (Bhīṣma)

यदु-कौरवाः (yadu-kauravāḥ) - the Yadus and the Kauravas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yadu-kaurava

yadu-kaurava - the Yadus and the Kauravas

Compound type : dvandva (yadu+kaurava)

• yadu – Yadu (name of an ancient king and his dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• kaurava – Kaurava (descendant of Kuru, especially those of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's lineage)
  proper noun (masculine)

परिवार्य (parivārya) - having surrounded, after surrounding

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 5)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

A particle indicating succession or cause.

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every

निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - they sat down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Perfect (Lit) of niṣad

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

पुरुष-ऋषभाः (puruṣa-ṛṣabhāḥ) - best among men, foremost of men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa-ṛṣabha

puruṣa-ṛṣabha - bull among men, best of men

Compound type : karmadhāraya (puruṣa+ṛṣabha)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull; chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

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