महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-320, verse-32

तमुवाच महादेवः सान्त्वपूर्वमिदं वचः ।
पुत्रशोकाभिसंतप्तं कृष्णद्वैपायनं तदा ॥३२॥

32. tamuvāca mahādevaḥ sāntvapūrvamidaṁ vacaḥ ,
putraśokābhisaṁtaptaṁ kṛṣṇadvaipāyanaṁ tadā.

32. tam uvāca mahādevaḥ sāntvapūrvam idam vacaḥ
putraśokābhisantaptam kṛṣṇadvaipāyanam tadā

32. Then, Mahadeva (Mahādeva) spoke these comforting words to Krishna Dvaipayana, who was greatly tormented by grief for his son.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - to him (Krishna Dvaipayana/Vyasa) (him)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - the deity Shiva (great god, Shiva)

• सान्त्वपूर्वम् (sāntvapūrvam) - in a comforting manner (preceded by conciliation, consoling, kindly)

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (plural sense from context) (word, speech)

• पुत्रशोकाभिसन्तप्तम् (putraśokābhisantaptam) - greatly tormented by grief for his son (afflicted by grief for a son, intensely tormented by sorrow for a son)

• कृष्णद्वैपायनम् (kṛṣṇadvaipāyanam) - Krishna Dvaipayana, also known as Vyasa (Krishna Dvaipayana (Vyasa))

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - to him (Krishna Dvaipayana/Vyasa) (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vyasa, who is masculine, hence the masculine accusative singular form.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

Root vac (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular. Irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The initial 'u' is a reduplicative augment.

महादेवः (mahādevaḥ) - the deity Shiva (great god, Shiva)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādeva

mahādeva - great god, Shiva

Compound of mahat (great) and deva (god).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+deva)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)

Note: Subject of the verb 'uvāca'.

सान्त्वपूर्वम् (sāntvapūrvam) - in a comforting manner (preceded by conciliation, consoling, kindly)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāntva+pūrva)

• sāntva – conciliation, soothing, gentle
  noun (neuter)
• pūrva – preceded by, former, prior
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially here, agreeing with 'idam vacaḥ' which is neuter accusative. The form -am can be adverbial.

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Refers to 'vacaḥ', which is neuter.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (plural sense from context) (word, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, utterance

Note: Object of 'uvāca'. Though singular, can imply plural words in Sanskrit.

पुत्रशोकाभिसन्तप्तम् (putraśokābhisantaptam) - greatly tormented by grief for his son (afflicted by grief for a son, intensely tormented by sorrow for a son)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putraśokābhisantapta

putraśokābhisantapta - intensely afflicted by grief for a son

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (putra+śoka+abhisantapta)

• putra – son
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – grief, sorrow
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)
• abhisantapta – intensely heated, tormented, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root tap (to heat, torment) with upasargas abhi and sam.
  Prefixes: abhi+sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kṛṣṇadvaipāyanam'.

कृष्णद्वैपायनम् (kṛṣṇadvaipāyanam) - Krishna Dvaipayana, also known as Vyasa (Krishna Dvaipayana (Vyasa))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇadvaipāyana

kṛṣṇadvaipāyana - Krishna Dvaipayana (name of Vyasa)

Name of the sage Vyasa, born on an island (dvīpa) and dark-complexioned (kṛṣṇa).

Note: Recipient of Shiva's words.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)