महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-320, verse-2

तमो ह्यष्टविधं हित्वा जहौ पञ्चविधं रजः ।
ततः सत्त्वं जहौ धीमांस्तदद्भुतमिवाभवत् ॥२॥

2. tamo hyaṣṭavidhaṁ hitvā jahau pañcavidhaṁ rajaḥ ,
tataḥ sattvaṁ jahau dhīmāṁstadadbhutamivābhavat.

2. tamaḥ hi aṣṭavidham hitvā jahau pañcavidham rajaḥ
tataḥ sattvam jahau dhīmān tat adbhutam iva abhavat

2. hi aṣṭavidham tamaḥ hitvā,
pañcavidham rajaḥ jahau.
tataḥ dhīmān sattvam jahau.
tat adbhutam iva abhavat.

2. For, having abandoned the eight-fold darkness (tamas), he gave up the five-fold passion (rajas). Then the intelligent one gave up goodness (sattva); that was indeed astonishing.

Words meanings summery:

• तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance, inertia (tamas)

• हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

• अष्टविधम् (aṣṭavidham) - eight-fold, of eight kinds

• हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having given up

• जहौ (jahau) - he abandoned, he gave up

• पञ्चविधम् (pañcavidham) - five-fold, of five kinds

• रजः (rajaḥ) - passion, dust, impurity (rajas)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness, purity, reality, existence (sattva)

• जहौ (jahau) - he abandoned, he gave up

• धीमान् (dhīmān) - referring to Śuka (the intelligent one, wise)

• तत् (tat) - referring to the action of abandoning the guṇas (that)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing, wonderful, marvelous

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it happened

Words meanings and morphology

तमः (tamaḥ) - darkness, ignorance, inertia (tamas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, ignorance, inertia, one of the three guṇas

Root: tam (class 4)

Note: Object of hitvā.

हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

अष्टविधम् (aṣṭavidham) - eight-fold, of eight kinds

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aṣṭavidha

aṣṭavidha - eight-fold, of eight kinds

Compound type : tatpurusha (aṣṭa+vidha)

• aṣṭa – eight
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with tamaḥ.

हित्वा (hitvā) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

from root hā (to abandon) + tvā suffix

Root: hā (class 3)

जहौ (jahau) - he abandoned, he gave up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of hā

perfect

from root hā (to abandon)

Root: hā (class 3)

पञ्चविधम् (pañcavidham) - five-fold, of five kinds

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pañcavidha

pañcavidha - five-fold, of five kinds

Compound type : tatpurusha (pañca+vidha)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with rajaḥ.

रजः (rajaḥ) - passion, dust, impurity (rajas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, gloom, passion, activity, one of the three guṇas

Root: rañj (class 1)

Note: Object of jahau.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - goodness, purity, reality, existence (sattva)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - goodness, purity, essence, existence, one of the three guṇas

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Object of jahau.

जहौ (jahau) - he abandoned, he gave up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of hā

perfect

from root hā (to abandon)

Root: hā (class 3)

धीमान् (dhīmān) - referring to Śuka (the intelligent one, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, clever

Root: dhī (class 5)

Note: Refers to Śuka.

तत् (tat) - referring to the action of abandoning the guṇas (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the whole action of abandoning the guṇas.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing, wonderful, marvelous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, marvelous, astonishing, a wonder

Note: Predicate adjective.

इव (iva) - as if, like, as it were

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used to soften a statement or indicate similarity.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it became, it happened

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect

from root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)