महाभारतः
mahābhārataḥ
-
book-12, chapter-285, verse-8
क्षत्रजातिरथाम्बष्ठा उग्रा वैदेहकास्तथा ।
श्वपाकाः पुल्कसाः स्तेना निषादाः सूतमागधाः ॥८॥
श्वपाकाः पुल्कसाः स्तेना निषादाः सूतमागधाः ॥८॥
8. kṣatrajātirathāmbaṣṭhā ugrā vaidehakāstathā ,
śvapākāḥ pulkasāḥ stenā niṣādāḥ sūtamāgadhāḥ.
śvapākāḥ pulkasāḥ stenā niṣādāḥ sūtamāgadhāḥ.
8.
kṣatrajātiḥ atha ambaṣṭhāḥ ugrāḥ vaidehakāḥ tathā
śvapakāḥ pulkasāḥ stenāḥ niṣādāḥ sūtamāgadhāḥ
śvapakāḥ pulkasāḥ stenāḥ niṣādāḥ sūtamāgadhāḥ
8.
atha kṣatrajātiḥ ambaṣṭhāḥ ugrāḥ vaidehakāḥ tathā
śvapakāḥ pulkasāḥ stenāḥ niṣādāḥ sūtamāgadhāḥ
śvapakāḥ pulkasāḥ stenāḥ niṣādāḥ sūtamāgadhāḥ
8.
Then (there are such mixed groups as) the Kṣatriya-born (mixed caste), Ambaṣṭhas, Ugras, and Vaidehakas. Likewise, (there are) Śvapakas, Pulkasas, thieves, Niṣādas, Sūtas, and Māgadhas.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- क्षत्रजातिः (kṣatrajātiḥ) - the Kṣatriya-born mixed caste (typically offspring of Kṣatriya male and Śūdra female) (Kṣatriya caste, a mixed caste born from a Kṣatriya father)
- अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)
- अम्बष्ठाः (ambaṣṭhāḥ) - the Ambaṣṭhas (Ambaṣṭhas (a mixed caste, typically from Brahmin father and Vaiśya mother))
- उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - the Ugras (Ugras (a mixed caste, typically from Kṣatriya father and Śūdra mother))
- वैदेहकाः (vaidehakāḥ) - the Vaidehakas (Vaidehakas (a mixed caste, typically from Vaiśya father and Brahmin mother))
- तथा (tathā) - likewise, and (so, thus, in the same way, and)
- श्वपकाः (śvapakāḥ) - the Śvapakas (a low, outcaste group) (dog-eaters, a low caste (Caṇḍāla))
- पुल्कसाः (pulkasāḥ) - the Pulkasas (a low, outcaste group) (Pulkasas (a low mixed caste, typically from Śūdra father and Kṣatriya mother))
- स्तेनाः (stenāḥ) - thieves
- निषादाः (niṣādāḥ) - the Niṣādas (a tribal or low caste group) (Niṣādas (a tribal or low mixed caste, typically from Brahmin father and Śūdra mother))
- सूतमागधाः (sūtamāgadhāḥ) - the Sūtas and Māgadhas (Sūtas and Māgadhas (mixed castes, charioteers/bards))
Words meanings and morphology
क्षत्रजातिः (kṣatrajātiḥ) - the Kṣatriya-born mixed caste (typically offspring of Kṣatriya male and Śūdra female) (Kṣatriya caste, a mixed caste born from a Kṣatriya father)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kṣatrajāti
kṣatrajāti - Kṣatriya class/caste, a specific mixed caste (e.g., from Kṣatriya father and Śūdra mother)
compound of kṣatra and jāti
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+jāti)
- kṣatra – rule, power, royalty, the Kṣatriya varna
noun (neuter) - jāti – birth, lineage, caste, class, species
noun (feminine)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Refers to a type of saṃkarajāḥ listed in dharmaśāstras.
अथ (atha) - then (then, now, thereupon)
(indeclinable)
अम्बष्ठाः (ambaṣṭhāḥ) - the Ambaṣṭhas (Ambaṣṭhas (a mixed caste, typically from Brahmin father and Vaiśya mother))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ambaṣṭha
ambaṣṭha - a member of a mixed caste (e.g. physician, barber); name of a people
Note: Known as a mixed caste often associated with medicine.
उग्राः (ugrāḥ) - the Ugras (Ugras (a mixed caste, typically from Kṣatriya father and Śūdra mother))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ugra
ugra - fierce, terrible, mighty; name of a mixed caste
Note: Known as a mixed caste.
वैदेहकाः (vaidehakāḥ) - the Vaidehakas (Vaidehakas (a mixed caste, typically from Vaiśya father and Brahmin mother))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of vaidehaka
vaidehaka - a native of Videha; a specific mixed caste
Note: Known as a mixed caste.
तथा (tathā) - likewise, and (so, thus, in the same way, and)
(indeclinable)
श्वपकाः (śvapakāḥ) - the Śvapakas (a low, outcaste group) (dog-eaters, a low caste (Caṇḍāla))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śvapaka
śvapaka - dog-cooker, one who eats dogs, a Caṇḍāla or member of a very low caste
compound of śvan and paka
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śvan+paka)
- śvan – dog
noun (masculine) - paka – cooker, ripener (from root pac)
noun (masculine)
From root pac 'to cook'
Root: pac (class 1)
Note: Often considered synonymous with Caṇḍāla, denoting an outcaste.
पुल्कसाः (pulkasāḥ) - the Pulkasas (a low, outcaste group) (Pulkasas (a low mixed caste, typically from Śūdra father and Kṣatriya mother))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pulkasa
pulkasa - a member of a low mixed caste or tribe
Note: Known as a low caste.
स्तेनाः (stenāḥ) - thieves
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of stena
stena - thief, robber
Note: Included here among groups considered marginal or outcaste.
निषादाः (niṣādāḥ) - the Niṣādas (a tribal or low caste group) (Niṣādas (a tribal or low mixed caste, typically from Brahmin father and Śūdra mother))
(proper noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of niṣāda
niṣāda - a member of a wild tribe; a specific mixed caste (hunter, fisherman)
Note: Known as a low caste, often associated with hunting/fishing.
सूतमागधाः (sūtamāgadhāḥ) - the Sūtas and Māgadhas (Sūtas and Māgadhas (mixed castes, charioteers/bards))
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of sūtamāgadha
sūtamāgadha - Sūta and Māgadha (dual compound representing two mixed castes)
dvandva compound of sūta and māgadha
Compound type : dvandva (sūta+māgadha)
- sūta – charioteer, bard, a mixed caste (Kṣatriya father and Brahmin mother, or vice versa depending on source)
noun (masculine) - māgadha – native of Magadha, a bard, a mixed caste (Vaiśya father and Kṣatriya mother)
noun (masculine)
Note: This is a Dvandva compound meaning 'Sūtas and Māgadhas'.