महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-285, verse-31

जनक उवाच ।
किं कर्म दूषयत्येनमथ जातिर्महामुने ।
संदेहो मे समुत्पन्नस्तन्मे व्याख्यातुमर्हसि ॥३१॥

31. janaka uvāca ,
kiṁ karma dūṣayatyenamatha jātirmahāmune ,
saṁdeho me samutpannastanme vyākhyātumarhasi.

31. janakaḥ uvāca kim karma dūṣayati enam atha jātiḥ mahāmune
sandehaḥ me samutpannaḥ tat me vyākhyātum arhasi

31. janakaḥ uvāca – mahāmune,
kim karma enam dūṣayati,
atha jātiḥ? me sandehaḥ samutpannaḥ; tat me vyākhyātum arhasi

31. Janaka said: 'O great sage (mahāmuni), is it action (karma) or birth (jāti) that causes this person's impurity? A doubt has arisen within me, and you should explain this to me.'

Words meanings summery:

• जनकः (janakaḥ) - Janaka (Janaka (proper noun), father)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• किम् (kim) - is it (interrogative) (what, which, does (interrogative particle))

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual action (karma))

• दूषयति (dūṣayati) - causes impurity (pollutes, defiles, corrupts, spoils)

• एनम् (enam) - this person's (him, this person)

• अथ (atha) - or (or, then, now)

• जातिः (jātiḥ) - birth (jāti) (birth, lineage, caste (jāti))

• महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage (mahāmuni) (O great sage)

• सन्देहः (sandehaḥ) - a doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

• मे (me) - my (to me, my)

• समुत्पन्नः (samutpannaḥ) - has arisen (arisen, produced, originated)

• तत् (tat) - this (that, this)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

• व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain (to explain, to expound)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

जनकः (janakaḥ) - Janaka (Janaka (proper noun), father)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janaka

janaka - Janaka (name of a king), father, producer

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root verb 'vac' (class 2), Perfect tense (Lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - is it (interrogative) (what, which, does (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a question.

कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual action (karma))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual

From root 'kṛ' (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'dūṣayati'.

दूषयति (dūṣayati) - causes impurity (pollutes, defiles, corrupts, spoils)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of dūṣ

Causative present tense, 3rd person singular

Causative of root 'duṣ' (class 4), Parasmaipada

Root: duṣ (class 4)

एनम् (enam) - this person's (him, this person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him

Note: Object of 'dūṣayati'.

अथ (atha) - or (or, then, now)

(indeclinable)

जातिः (jātiḥ) - birth (jāti) (birth, lineage, caste (jāti))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāti

jāti - birth, lineage, species, caste

From root 'jan' (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Second subject in the interrogative sentence.

महामुने (mahāmune) - O great sage (mahāmuni) (O great sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound noun

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Parāśara.

सन्देहः (sandehaḥ) - a doubt (doubt, uncertainty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sandeha

sandeha - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

From root 'dih' (to smear) with prefix 'sam'

Prefix: sam

Root: dih (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'samutpannaḥ'.

मे (me) - my (to me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Here used with 'samutpannaḥ' means 'arisen in me' or 'my doubt'.

समुत्पन्नः (samutpannaḥ) - has arisen (arisen, produced, originated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samutpanna

samutpanna - arisen, produced, occurred

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pad' (to go, to fall) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ud'

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'sandehaḥ'.

तत् (tat) - this (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Object of 'vyākhyātum'.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: With 'vyākhyātum arhasi' implies 'explain to me'.

व्याख्यातुम् (vyākhyātum) - to explain (to explain, to expound)

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive of root 'khyā' (to tell) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ā'

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Functions as object for 'arhasi'.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you should (you ought, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense, 2nd person singular

Root verb 'arh' (class 1), Parasmaipada

Root: arh (class 1)