महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-285, verse-2

यदेतज्जायतेऽपत्यं स एवायमिति श्रुतिः ।
कथं ब्राह्मणतो जातो विशेषग्रहणं गतः ॥२॥

2. yadetajjāyate'patyaṁ sa evāyamiti śrutiḥ ,
kathaṁ brāhmaṇato jāto viśeṣagrahaṇaṁ gataḥ.

2. yat etat jāyate apatyam saḥ eva ayam iti śrutiḥ
katham brāhmaṇataḥ jātaḥ viśeṣagrahaṇam gataḥ

2. śrutiḥ iti yat apatyam jāyate etat saḥ eva ayam
katham brāhmaṇataḥ jātaḥ viśeṣagrahaṇam gataḥ

2. The sacred text (śruti) declares that 'whatever offspring is born, that very one it is.' So, how is it that one born from a Brahmin has attained a distinct classification?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

• एतत् (etat) - this (offspring) (this, that)

• जायते (jāyate) - is born (is born, arises, comes into being)

• अपत्यम् (apatyam) - offspring (offspring, child, progeny)

• सः (saḥ) - that (parent) (he, that)

• एव (eva) - indeed, very (indeed, only, very)

• अयम् (ayam) - he (the offspring) (this, he)

• इति (iti) - so says, thus (thus, so, (quotation marker))

• श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred text (śruti) (hearing, sacred text, revelation)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

• ब्राह्मणतः (brāhmaṇataḥ) - from a Brahmin (parent) (from a Brahmin)

• जातः (jātaḥ) - (one who is) born (born, produced, become)

• विशेषग्रहणम् (viśeṣagrahaṇam) - a distinct classification (distinct classification, special acceptance)

• गतः (gataḥ) - has attained (gone, attained, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, what, that (relative pronoun))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Refers to 'apatyam'.

एतत् (etat) - this (offspring) (this, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to 'apatyam'.

जायते (jāyate) - is born (is born, arises, comes into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (lat) of jan

Present middle

Present tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice of root jan (4th class)

Root: jan (class 4)

अपत्यम् (apatyam) - offspring (offspring, child, progeny)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apatya

apatya - offspring, child, progeny

Root: pat (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - that (parent) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular of 'tad'.

एव (eva) - indeed, very (indeed, only, very)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - he (the offspring) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Masculine nominative singular of 'idam'.

इति (iti) - so says, thus (thus, so, (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred text (śruti) (hearing, sacred text, revelation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śruti

śruti - hearing, sacred text, revelation, tradition

From root śru (to hear).

Root: śru (class 5)

कथम् (katham) - how (how, why)

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणतः (brāhmaṇataḥ) - from a Brahmin (parent) (from a Brahmin)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, relating to Brahma, sacred text

Derived from 'brahman'.

Note: Ablative-like form, indicating origin.

जातः (jātaḥ) - (one who is) born (born, produced, become)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, arisen, become

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root jan (to be born). Used here substantively.

Root: jan (class 4)

विशेषग्रहणम् (viśeṣagrahaṇam) - a distinct classification (distinct classification, special acceptance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of viśeṣagrahaṇa

viśeṣagrahaṇa - distinct classification, special reception, particular taking

Compound type : karmadhāraya (viśeṣa+grahaṇa)

• viśeṣa – distinction, specific, particular
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śiṣ (class 7)
• grahaṇa – taking, seizing, comprehension, classification
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root grah (to seize, take).
  Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Object of 'gataḥ'.

गतः (gataḥ) - has attained (gone, attained, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, attained, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root gam (to go). Used here actively.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Often used actively in sense of 'having gone/attained'.