महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-285, verse-20

पराशर उवाच ।
प्रतिग्रहो याजनं च तथैवाध्यापनं नृप ।
विशेषधर्मो विप्राणां रक्षा क्षत्रस्य शोभना ॥२०॥

20. parāśara uvāca ,
pratigraho yājanaṁ ca tathaivādhyāpanaṁ nṛpa ,
viśeṣadharmo viprāṇāṁ rakṣā kṣatrasya śobhanā.

20. parāśaraḥ uvāca pratigrahaḥ yājanam ca tathā eva adhyāpanam
nṛpa viśeṣadharmaḥ viprāṇām rakṣā kṣatrasya śobhanā

20. parāśaraḥ uvāca nṛpa pratigrahaḥ yājanam ca tathā eva
adhyāpanam viprāṇām viśeṣadharmaḥ kṣatrasya rakṣā śobhanā

20. Parashara said: "O king, accepting gifts, officiating Vedic rituals (yajña), and teaching are the specific duties (dharma) of the Brahmins. Protection is the proper duty (dharma) of the Kshatriyas."

Words meanings summery:

• पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - Parashara

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• प्रतिग्रहः (pratigrahaḥ) - acceptance of gifts, receiving

• याजनम् (yājanam) - officiating Vedic rituals (yajña)

• च (ca) - and

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, also, in that manner

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, as well

• अध्यापनम् (adhyāpanam) - teaching

• नृप (nṛpa) - O king

• विशेषधर्मः (viśeṣadharmaḥ) - specific duty, particular natural law (dharma)

• विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of the Brahmins

• रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection, guarding

• क्षत्रस्य (kṣatrasya) - of the Kshatriyas, of the warrior class

• शोभना (śobhanā) - excellent, proper, glorious, beautiful

Words meanings and morphology

पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - Parashara

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāśara

parāśara - Parashara (name of a revered ancient sage, Vyasa's father)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

प्रतिग्रहः (pratigrahaḥ) - acceptance of gifts, receiving

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratigraha

pratigraha - acceptance, reception of gifts, taking

Verbal noun

From root grah (to take) with prefix prati- (against, towards, in return).

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

याजनम् (yājanam) - officiating Vedic rituals (yajña)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yājana

yājana - causing to perform a Vedic ritual, officiating a Vedic ritual (yajña)

Verbal noun (causative)

From causative of root yaj (to sacrifice, worship).

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Also can be accusative singular.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तथा (tathā) - similarly, also, in that manner

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, as well

(indeclinable)

अध्यापनम् (adhyāpanam) - teaching

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyāpana

adhyāpana - teaching, instructing

Verbal noun (causative)

From causative of root i (to go) with prefixes adhi- and ā-.

Prefixes: adhi+ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Also can be accusative singular.

नृप (nṛpa) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler (lit. 'protector of men')

Compound of nṛ (man) and pā (to protect).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pā)

• nṛ – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• pā – to protect, to guard
  verb
  Root verb, from which 'pa' (protector) is derived.
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Used as an address to a king.

विशेषधर्मः (viśeṣadharmaḥ) - specific duty, particular natural law (dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśeṣadharma

viśeṣadharma - specific duty, particular characteristic, unique natural law (dharma)

Compound type : tatpurusha (viśeṣa+dharma)

• viśeṣa – particular, special, distinctive, characteristic
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, virtue, natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for the preceding duties.

विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of the Brahmins

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, inspired, wise, priestly, twice-born

Note: Possessive, 'of the Brahmins'.

रक्षा (rakṣā) - protection, guarding

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rakṣā

rakṣā - protection, guarding, preserving

From root rakṣ (to protect).

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

क्षत्रस्य (kṣatrasya) - of the Kshatriyas, of the warrior class

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kṣatra

kṣatra - dominion, power, rule, the warrior class, the Kshatriyas

Root: kṣi (class 2)

शोभना (śobhanā) - excellent, proper, glorious, beautiful

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śobhana

śobhana - shining, beautiful, excellent, good, auspicious, proper

From root śubh (to shine, to be beautiful).

Root: śubh (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'rakṣā'.