महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-285, verse-28

वैदेहकं शूद्रमुदाहरन्ति द्विजा महाराज श्रुतोपपन्नाः ।
अहं हि पश्यामि नरेन्द्र देवं विश्वस्य विष्णुं जगतः प्रधानम् ॥२८॥

28. vaidehakaṁ śūdramudāharanti; dvijā mahārāja śrutopapannāḥ ,
ahaṁ hi paśyāmi narendra devaṁ; viśvasya viṣṇuṁ jagataḥ pradhānam.

28. vaidehakam śūdram udāharanti
dvijāḥ mahārāja śrutopapannāḥ
aham hi paśyāmi narendra devam
viśvasya viṣṇum jagataḥ pradhānam

28. mahārāja śrutopapannāḥ dvijāḥ
vaidehakam śūdram udāharanti hi
narendra aham viśvasya jagataḥ
devam viṣṇum pradhānam paśyāmi

28. O great King (mahārāja), the 'twice-born' (dvijāti) who are conversant with Vedic revelation (śruti) categorize a Vaidehaka as a Shudra. However, O King (narendra), I indeed perceive the divine Vishnu as the supreme principle (pradhāna) of the entire universe.

Words meanings summery:

• वैदेहकम् (vaidehakam) - one of a mixed caste, specifically the offspring of a Vaishya father and a Shudra mother, classified as a Shudra in this context. (a Vaidehaka (member of a specific mixed caste))

• शूद्रम् (śūdram) - a Shudra

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they classify or refer to (they declare, they state, they call, they cite)

• द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas (twice-born)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• श्रुतोपपन्नाः (śrutopapannāḥ) - well-versed in the sacred Vedic texts (śruti) (endowed with Vedic knowledge, conversant with Shruti)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• हि (hi) - indeed, emphasizing the speaker's personal view (indeed, for, because)

• पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I perceive

• नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O lord of men, O king

• देवम् (devam) - the divine being (Vishnu) (the god, divine)

• विश्वस्य (viśvasya) - of the entire cosmos (of the universe, of all)

• विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - the supreme deity Vishnu (Vishnu (name of a deity))

• जगतः (jagataḥ) - of all moving creation (of the world, of moving beings)

• प्रधानम् (pradhānam) - the supreme principle (pradhāna) or foremost entity (chief, principal, primordial matter (prakṛti))

Words meanings and morphology

वैदेहकम् (vaidehakam) - one of a mixed caste, specifically the offspring of a Vaishya father and a Shudra mother, classified as a Shudra in this context. (a Vaidehaka (member of a specific mixed caste))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaidehaka

vaidehaka - a Vaidehaka (a mixed caste, son of a Vaishya and Shudra woman), an inhabitant of Videha

from Videha (name of a country) + -ka (suffix)

शूद्रम् (śūdram) - a Shudra

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūdra

śūdra - a Shudra, a member of the fourth social class, a servant

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they classify or refer to (they declare, they state, they call, they cite)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (lat) of udāhṛ

Present Active

3rd person plural, present indicative, active voice

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

द्विजाः (dvijāḥ) - the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas (twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born; a Brahmin, Kshatriya, or Vaishya; a bird; a tooth; a snake

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  from root jan (to be born) + -a suffix
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Often refers to Brahmins in particular.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

श्रुतोपपन्नाः (śrutopapannāḥ) - well-versed in the sacred Vedic texts (śruti) (endowed with Vedic knowledge, conversant with Shruti)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śrutopapanna

śrutopapanna - endowed with Vedic knowledge, conversant with Shruti, acquainted with tradition

Compound type : tatpurusha (śruti+upapanna)

• śruti – Vedic revelation, sacred tradition, hearing
  noun (feminine)
  from root śru (to hear)
  Root: śru (class 5)
• upapanna – endowed with, furnished with, suitable, proper
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from prefix upa + root pad (to go, obtain)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'dvijāḥ'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

हि (hi) - indeed, emphasizing the speaker's personal view (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

पश्यामि (paśyāmi) - I see, I perceive

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (lat) of dṛś

Present Active

1st person singular, present indicative, active voice (from root dṛś, but uses suppletive stem paśya-)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नरेन्द्र (narendra) - O lord of men, O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narendra

narendra - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, god Indra
  noun (masculine)

देवम् (devam) - the divine being (Vishnu) (the god, divine)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, divine, celestial being

from root div (to shine)

Root: div (class 4)

विश्वस्य (viśvasya) - of the entire cosmos (of the universe, of all)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of viśva

viśva - all, whole, entire, universal, the universe

Note: Often used substantively as 'the universe'.

विष्णुम् (viṣṇum) - the supreme deity Vishnu (Vishnu (name of a deity))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣṇu

viṣṇu - Vishnu, a prominent deity in Hinduism

from root viṣ (to pervade)

Root: viṣ (class 3)

जगतः (jagataḥ) - of all moving creation (of the world, of moving beings)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of jagat

jagat - the world, universe, moving, living beings

Present Active Participle

from root gam (to go) by reduplication

Root: gam (class 1)

प्रधानम् (pradhānam) - the supreme principle (pradhāna) or foremost entity (chief, principal, primordial matter (prakṛti))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pradhāna

pradhāna - chief, principal, main, most important; primordial matter (prakṛti); fundamental principle

from prefix pra + root dhā (to place, put) + lyuṭ suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Used here as an appositive noun for Vishnu, referring to Vishnu as the supreme principle.