महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-285, verse-32

पराशर उवाच ।
असंशयं महाराज उभयं दोषकारकम् ।
कर्म चैव हि जातिश्च विशेषं तु निशामय ॥३२॥

32. parāśara uvāca ,
asaṁśayaṁ mahārāja ubhayaṁ doṣakārakam ,
karma caiva hi jātiśca viśeṣaṁ tu niśāmaya.

32. parāśaraḥ uvāca asaṃśayam mahārāja ubhayam doṣakārakam
karma ca eva hi jātiḥ ca viśeṣam tu niśāmaya

32. parāśaraḥ uvāca – mahārāja,
asaṃśayam,
karma ca hi jātiḥ ca ubhayam doṣakārakam (asti).
tu viśeṣam niśāmaya

32. Parāśara said: 'O great king (mahārāja), undoubtedly both action (karma) and birth (jāti) indeed cause impurity. However, listen to the specific distinction.'

Words meanings summery:

• पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - Parāśara (Parāśara (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - undoubtedly (undoubtedly, without doubt)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (mahārāja) (O great king)

• उभयम् (ubhayam) - both

• दोषकारकम् (doṣakārakam) - cause impurity (causing fault, causing impurity, harmful)

• कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual action (karma))

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

• जातिः (jātiḥ) - birth (jāti) (birth, lineage, caste (jāti))

• च (ca) - and

• विशेषम् (viśeṣam) - the specific distinction (distinction, difference, peculiarity)

• तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, yet)

• निशामय (niśāmaya) - listen to (listen, observe, pay attention)

Words meanings and morphology

पराशरः (parāśaraḥ) - Parāśara (Parāśara (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāśara

parāśara - Parāśara (name of a sage)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root verb 'vac' (class 2), Perfect tense (Lit)

Root: vac (class 2)

असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - undoubtedly (undoubtedly, without doubt)

(indeclinable)

Compound used as an adverb

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+saṃśaya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• saṃśaya – doubt, uncertainty
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'śī' (to lie) or 'śi' (to sharpen) with 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śi (class 7)

Note: Adverbial usage.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king (mahārāja) (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound noun

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Janaka.

उभयम् (ubhayam) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ubhaya

ubhaya - both

Note: Refers to karma and jāti.

दोषकारकम् (doṣakārakam) - cause impurity (causing fault, causing impurity, harmful)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of doṣakāraka

doṣakāraka - cause of fault, causing harm

Compound adjective/noun

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (doṣa+kāraka)

• doṣa – fault, defect, impurity, sin
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'duṣ' (to be faulty)
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• kāraka – causer, agent, maker
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'kṛ' (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'ubhayam'.

कर्म (karma) - action (karma) (action, deed, ritual action (karma))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual

From root 'kṛ' (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Used twice for 'both... and'.

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'eva' for strong emphasis.

जातिः (jātiḥ) - birth (jāti) (birth, lineage, caste (jāti))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jāti

jāti - birth, lineage, species, caste

From root 'jan' (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विशेषम् (viśeṣam) - the specific distinction (distinction, difference, peculiarity)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, difference, peculiar attribute

From root 'śiṣ' (to leave) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Object of 'niśāmaya'.

तु (tu) - however (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

निशामय (niśāmaya) - listen to (listen, observe, pay attention)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ni-śam

Causative imperative, 2nd person singular

Causative of root 'śam' (to be quiet) with prefix 'ni', Parasmaipada

Prefix: ni

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Implicit subject is 'you' (Janaka).