महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-226, verse-9

तपसा वा सुमहता विद्यानां पारणेन वा ।
इज्यया वा प्रदानैर्वा विप्राणां वर्धते यशः ॥९॥

9. tapasā vā sumahatā vidyānāṁ pāraṇena vā ,
ijyayā vā pradānairvā viprāṇāṁ vardhate yaśaḥ.

9. tapasā vā sumahatā vidyānām pāraṇena vā ijyayā
vā pradānaiḥ vā viprāṇām vardhate yaśaḥ

9. viprāṇām yaśaḥ tapasā vā sumahatā vā vidyānām
pāraṇena vā ijyayā vā pradānaiḥ vā vardhate

9. The renown of Brahmins increases either through great austerity (tapas), or by the completion of studies, or by sacrifices, or by donations.

Words meanings summery:

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance, by spiritual fervor

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• सुमहता (sumahatā) - by great, by immense

• विद्यानाम् (vidyānām) - of sciences, of studies, of knowledge

• पारणेन (pāraṇena) - Completion of studies, mastering knowledge. (by completion, by finishing, by mastery)

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• इज्यया (ijyayā) - by sacrifice, by worship

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• प्रदानैः (pradānaiḥ) - by gifts, by donations, by granting

• वा (vā) - or, either...or

• विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of Brahmins, of learned ones

• वर्धते (vardhate) - increases, grows, prospers

• यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame, glory, reputation

Words meanings and morphology

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, by penance, by spiritual fervor

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, austerity, penance, religious fervor, spiritual discipline

From root tap (to heat, to suffer).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Means by which fame increases.

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

सुमहता (sumahatā) - by great, by immense

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, immense, excellent

Compound of prefix su- (good, well, very) and mahat (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix.
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)

विद्यानाम् (vidyānām) - of sciences, of studies, of knowledge

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of vidyā

vidyā - knowledge, learning, science, discipline

From root vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Relates to pāraṇena.

पारणेन (pāraṇena) - Completion of studies, mastering knowledge. (by completion, by finishing, by mastery)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of pāraṇa

pāraṇa - crossing over, completion, fulfillment, mastery

From root pṛ (to fill, cross) with causal sense or pārayati (to bring to an end).

Root: pṛ (class 3)

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

इज्यया (ijyayā) - by sacrifice, by worship

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of ijyā

ijyā - sacrifice, worship, offering

From root yaj (to sacrifice).

Root: yaj (class 1)

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

प्रदानैः (pradānaiḥ) - by gifts, by donations, by granting

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of pradāna

pradāna - giving, gift, donation, granting

From prefix pra + root dā (to give).

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

वा (vā) - or, either...or

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

विप्राणाम् (viprāṇām) - of Brahmins, of learned ones

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vipra

vipra - inspired, sage, poet, Brahmin

From root vip (to tremble, to be inspired).

Root: vip (class 1)

Note: Possessive, showing whose fame is increasing.

वर्धते (vardhate) - increases, grows, prospers

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vṛdh

Present Middle Indicative

3rd person singular.

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

Note: The subject is yaśas.

यशः (yaśaḥ) - fame, glory, reputation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yaśas

yaśas - fame, glory, reputation, splendor