महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-226, verse-11

अध्यापयेदधीयीत याजयेत यजेत च ।
न वृथा प्रतिगृह्णीयान्न च दद्यात्कथंचन ॥११॥

11. adhyāpayedadhīyīta yājayeta yajeta ca ,
na vṛthā pratigṛhṇīyānna ca dadyātkathaṁcana.

11. adhyāpayet adhīyīta yājayeta yajeta ca na
vṛthā pratigṛhṇīyāt na ca dadyāt kathaṃcana

11. adhyāpayet adhīyīta yājayeta yajeta ca na
vṛthā pratigṛhṇīyāt na ca kathaṃcana dadyāt

11. A person should teach and study, and should also cause Vedic rituals (yajña) to be performed and perform them personally. One should not accept gifts needlessly or without proper justification, nor should one ever give them away without a valid reason.

Words meanings summery:

• अध्यापयेत् (adhyāpayet) - one should teach, should cause to study

• अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - one should study, should learn

• याजयेत (yājayeta) - one should cause to sacrifice, should officiate at a sacrifice

• यजेत (yajeta) - one should sacrifice, should worship

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not, no

• वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, without purpose, without proper reason

• प्रतिगृह्णीयात् (pratigṛhṇīyāt) - one should accept, should receive

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, ever, in any way

Words meanings and morphology

अध्यापयेत् (adhyāpayet) - one should teach, should cause to study

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of adhyāpay

Causative Optative

Causative of √i (to go, to study) with prefix adhi, in optative 3rd person singular active.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

अधीयीत (adhīyīta) - one should study, should learn

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhiliṅ) of adhī

Optative

From root i (to go) with prefix adhi, in optative 3rd person singular middle.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

याजयेत (yājayeta) - one should cause to sacrifice, should officiate at a sacrifice

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of yājay

Causative Optative

Causative of √yaj (to sacrifice, to worship), in optative 3rd person singular active.

Root: yaj (class 1)

यजेत (yajeta) - one should sacrifice, should worship

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of yaj

Optative

From root yaj (to sacrifice, to worship), in optative 3rd person singular active.

Root: yaj (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

वृथा (vṛthā) - in vain, uselessly, without purpose, without proper reason

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

प्रतिगृह्णीयात् (pratigṛhṇīyāt) - one should accept, should receive

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pratigrah

Optative

From root grah (to seize, to take) with prefix prati, in optative 3rd person singular active.

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should give

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Optative

From root dā (to give), in optative 3rd person singular active.

Root: dā (class 3)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - by any means, ever, in any way

(indeclinable)

From katham (how) + cana (particle implying 'any' or 'ever').