महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-151, verse-31

तस्मात्क्षमेत बालाय जडाय बधिराय च ।
बलाधिकाय राजेन्द्र तद्दृष्टं त्वयि शत्रुहन् ॥३१॥

31. tasmātkṣameta bālāya jaḍāya badhirāya ca ,
balādhikāya rājendra taddṛṣṭaṁ tvayi śatruhan.

31. tasmāt kṣameta bālāya jaḍāya badhirāya ca
bala-adhikāya rājendra tat dṛṣṭam tvayi śatru-han

31. tasmāt,
rājendra,
śatru-han,
bālāya jaḍāya badhirāya ca bala-adhikāya kṣameta.
tat tvayi dṛṣṭam.

31. Therefore, O King of kings, O destroyer of enemies, one should be forbearing towards a child, a foolish person, a deaf person, and one who is superior in strength. That (forbearance) has been observed in you.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

• क्षमेत (kṣameta) - one should be patient, one should forgive, one should bear

• बालाय (bālāya) - to a child, for a child

• जडाय (jaḍāya) - to a dull-witted person, to a foolish person

• बधिराय (badhirāya) - to a deaf person

• च (ca) - and, also

• बल-अधिकाय (bala-adhikāya) - to one superior in strength, to a stronger person

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O chief of kings

• तत् (tat) - that

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, observed

• त्वयि (tvayi) - in you

• शत्रु-हन् (śatru-han) - O destroyer of enemies

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an adverb 'therefore'.

क्षमेत (kṣameta) - one should be patient, one should forgive, one should bear

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (liṅ) of kṣam

optative mood, third person singular

root kṣam (class 1), optative, ātmanepada

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Often takes dative for the object of patience/forgiveness.

बालाय (bālāya) - to a child, for a child

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, young boy, inexperienced person

Note: Object of 'kṣameta'.

जडाय (jaḍāya) - to a dull-witted person, to a foolish person

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of jaḍa

jaḍa - dull, stupid, foolish, cold, inert

Note: Object of 'kṣameta'.

बधिराय (badhirāya) - to a deaf person

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of badhira

badhira - deaf, a deaf person

Note: Object of 'kṣameta'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the list of persons.

बल-अधिकाय (bala-adhikāya) - to one superior in strength, to a stronger person

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of bala-adhika

bala-adhika - superior in strength, stronger

Compound of bala (strength) + adhika (superior).

Compound type : tatpurusha (bala+adhika)

• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)
• adhika – superior, excessive, greater
  adjective

Note: Object of 'kṣameta'.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O chief of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, chief of kings

Compound of rājan (king) + indra (chief, lord).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• indra – chief, lord, best (often associated with the deity Indra)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing the listener.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Subject of 'dṛṣṭam'.

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - seen, observed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dṛś 'to see'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions predicatively.

त्वयि (tvayi) - in you

(pronoun)

Locative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Indicates location 'in you'.

शत्रु-हन् (śatru-han) - O destroyer of enemies

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śatru-han

śatru-han - destroyer of enemies, enemy-slayer

Compound of śatru (enemy) + han (slayer, from root han 'to strike, kill').

Compound type : tatpurusha (śatru+han)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• han – slayer, striking
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root han 'to strike, kill'
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Epithet for the addressed king.