महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-151, verse-26

एवं यो राजशार्दूल दुर्बलः सन्बलीयसा ।
वैरमासज्जते बालस्तप्यते शल्मलिर्यथा ॥२६॥

26. evaṁ yo rājaśārdūla durbalaḥ sanbalīyasā ,
vairamāsajjate bālastapyate śalmaliryathā.

26. evam yaḥ rājaśārdūla durbalaḥ san balīyasā
vairam āsajjate bālaḥ tapyate śālmaliḥ yathā

26. rājaśārdūla yaḥ durbalaḥ san balīyasā vairam
āsajjate bālaḥ yathā śālmaliḥ evam tapyate

26. O best of kings (rājaśārdūla), whoever, being weak, provokes hostility (vaira) with someone more powerful, that foolish person suffers just as the silk-cotton tree (Śālmali) did.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever (relative pronoun)

• राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O best of kings, O tiger among kings

• दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak, feeble

• सन् (san) - being, existing

• बलीयसा (balīyasā) - by a stronger one, with a stronger one

• वैरम् (vairam) - hostility, enmity, animosity

• आसज्जते (āsajjate) - he incurs, he engages in, he provokes

• बालः (bālaḥ) - foolish person (child, fool, ignorant person)

• तप्यते (tapyate) - he suffers, he is afflicted, he is tormented

• शाल्मलिः (śālmaliḥ) - the silk-cotton tree (Śālmali)

• यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, that, who

राजशार्दूल (rājaśārdūla) - O best of kings, O tiger among kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājaśārdūla

rājaśārdūla - tiger among kings, best of kings

Compound 'king' + 'tiger' implying excellence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+śārdūla)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, an excellent specimen (often used as a suffix to mean 'best of')
  noun (masculine)

दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak, feeble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbala

durbala - weak, feeble, powerless

Formed with prefix dur- (bad, difficult) and bala (strength)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+bala)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  prefix
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

सन् (san) - being, existing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sat

sat - being, existing, good, real

Present Active Participle

Present participle of root 'as'

Root: as (class 2)

बलीयसा (balīyasā) - by a stronger one, with a stronger one

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of balīyas

balīyas - stronger, more powerful

Comparative degree of balin (strong, powerful)

वैरम् (vairam) - hostility, enmity, animosity

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vaira

vaira - enmity, hostility, revenge

आसज्जते (āsajjate) - he incurs, he engages in, he provokes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, Present (laṭ) of sajj

Prefix: ā

Root: sajj (class 1)

बालः (bālaḥ) - foolish person (child, fool, ignorant person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, boy, young, foolish, ignorant

तप्यते (tapyate) - he suffers, he is afflicted, he is tormented

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, Present (laṭ) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used here in passive sense 'is tormented' or middle sense 'suffers'.

शाल्मलिः (śālmaliḥ) - the silk-cotton tree (Śālmali)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śālmali

śālmali - silk-cotton tree

यथा (yathā) - just as, as, in which way

(indeclinable)