महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-151, verse-13

अथ निश्चित्य मनसा शल्मलिर्वातकारितम् ।
पश्यमानस्तदात्मानमसमं मातरिश्वनः ॥१३॥

13. atha niścitya manasā śalmalirvātakāritam ,
paśyamānastadātmānamasamaṁ mātariśvanaḥ.

13. atha niścitya manasā śalmaliḥ vātakāritam
paśyamānaḥ tadā ātmānam asamam mātariśvanaḥ

13. atha śalmaliḥ manasā vātakāritam niścitya
tadā ātmānam mātariśvanaḥ asamam paśyamānaḥ

13. Then, having resolved in its mind the effect caused by the wind, the Shalmali tree, seeing its own self (ātman) as unequal to Vayu (mātariśvan), (thought to itself):

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, at that point in the narrative (then, now, thereupon)

• निश्चित्य (niścitya) - having determined, having decided, having ascertained

• मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, with the mind, mentally

• शल्मलिः (śalmaliḥ) - the specific silk-cotton tree that is the subject of the narrative (silk-cotton tree)

• वातकारितम् (vātakāritam) - referring to the effects or damage caused by the wind (caused by the wind, done by the wind)

• पश्यमानः (paśyamānaḥ) - seeing, observing

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - its own self (the Shalmali tree's own existence/being) (oneself, soul, self, essence, spirit)

• असमम् (asamam) - not equal in strength or power (unequal, unmatched, dissimilar, incomparable)

• मातरिश्वनः (mātariśvanaḥ) - of the wind god Vayu (of the wind, of Vayu)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, at that point in the narrative (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

निश्चित्य (niścitya) - having determined, having decided, having ascertained

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from the root `ciñ` (to collect, ascertain) with prefix `nis-` and suffix `-tya`.

Prefix: nis

Root: ciñ (class 5)

मनसा (manasā) - by the mind, with the mind, mentally

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, soul

Root: man (class 4)

शल्मलिः (śalmaliḥ) - the specific silk-cotton tree that is the subject of the narrative (silk-cotton tree)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śalmali

śalmali - the silk-cotton tree (Bombax ceiba or Salmalia malabarica)

वातकारितम् (vātakāritam) - referring to the effects or damage caused by the wind (caused by the wind, done by the wind)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vātakārita

vātakārita - caused by the wind, done by the wind

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (vāta+kārita)

• vāta – wind, air, Vayu
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vā (class 2)
• kārita – caused, made, done, effected (causative past passive participle)
  adjective
  Causative Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `kṛ` (to do) in causative form `kārayati`.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with some implied noun. Here, it's the object of `niścitya`.

पश्यमानः (paśyamānaḥ) - seeing, observing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyamāna

paśyamāna - seeing, observing, looking

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root `dṛś` (to see), which uses `paśya` as the stem in present tense. Suffix `-māna`.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: The Shalmali tree is described as 'seeing'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Formed from the pronoun `tad` (that) and the suffix `-dā` indicating time.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - its own self (the Shalmali tree's own existence/being) (oneself, soul, self, essence, spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, body, mind

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of `paśyamānaḥ`.

असमम् (asamam) - not equal in strength or power (unequal, unmatched, dissimilar, incomparable)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asama

asama - unequal, unmatched, uneven, peerless, incomparable

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+sama)

• a – not, non-, un- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• sama – equal, similar, same, even, like
  adjective

Note: Describes `ātmānam`.

मातरिश्वनः (mātariśvanaḥ) - of the wind god Vayu (of the wind, of Vayu)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mātariśvan

mātariśvan - wind, air, Vayu (the wind god)

Literally, 'moving in the mother (space/atmosphere)'.

Root: śvī (class 1)

Note: Expresses comparison 'unequal to the wind'.