महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-151, verse-14

नारदे यन्मया प्रोक्तं पवनं प्रति तन्मृषा ।
असमर्थो ह्यहं वायोर्बलेन बलवान्हि सः ॥१४॥

14. nārade yanmayā proktaṁ pavanaṁ prati tanmṛṣā ,
asamartho hyahaṁ vāyorbalena balavānhi saḥ.

14. nārade yat mayā proktam pavanam prati tat mṛṣā
asamarthaḥ hi aham vāyoḥ balena balavān hi saḥ

14. yat mayā pavanam prati nārade proktam,
tat mṛṣā.
hi aham vāyoḥ balena asamarthaḥ; hi saḥ balavān.

14. What I stated to Narada concerning the wind (pavana) was untrue. For I am indeed powerless against the strength of Vayu; he is certainly powerful.

Words meanings summery:

• नारदे (nārade) - to the sage Narada (to Narada, in Narada)

• यत् (yat) - referring to the statement made by the tree (what, which, that which)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - said, spoken, declared

• पवनम् (pavanam) - the wind force (wind, air)

• प्रति (prati) - concerning, regarding (towards, against, concerning, regarding)

• तत् (tat) - referring back to 'what was said by me' (that, it)

• मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely, vainly, untrue

• असमर्थः (asamarthaḥ) - powerless, lacking the ability (to withstand the wind) (incapable, powerless, unable)

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (explanatory particle) (indeed, surely, for, because)

• अहम् (aham) - The Shalmali tree speaking about itself (I)

• वायोः (vāyoḥ) - of the wind god Vayu (of the wind, of Vayu)

• बलेन (balena) - by strength, with power

• बलवान् (balavān) - strong, powerful

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely (emphasizing the statement) (indeed, surely, for, because)

• सः (saḥ) - the wind, Vayu (he, that)

Words meanings and morphology

नारदे (nārade) - to the sage Narada (to Narada, in Narada)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - Narada (a divine sage, messenger of the gods)

Note: Often used for the recipient of speech, similar to dative.

यत् (yat) - referring to the statement made by the tree (what, which, that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that which

Note: Acts as the subject of the clause 'what was said'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Agent in a passive construction ('by me spoken').

प्रोक्तम् (proktam) - said, spoken, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prokta

prokta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root `vac` (to speak) with prefix `pra-`. `vac` changes to `ukta` in PPP.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

पवनम् (pavanam) - the wind force (wind, air)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pavana

pavana - wind, air, purifier, one that purifies

From root `pū` (to purify, to blow) with suffix `ana`.

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Object of the preposition `prati`.

प्रति (prati) - concerning, regarding (towards, against, concerning, regarding)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - referring back to 'what was said by me' (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Subject of the predicate `mṛṣā`.

मृषा (mṛṣā) - falsely, vainly, untrue

(indeclinable)

Sometimes used as an adjective, here adverbial or predicative.

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective 'was false'.

असमर्थः (asamarthaḥ) - powerless, lacking the ability (to withstand the wind) (incapable, powerless, unable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asamartha

asamartha - incapable, powerless, unable, incompetent

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+samartha)

• a – not, non-, un- (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• samartha – capable, able, fit, competent
  adjective
  From `sam` + `artha` (meaning, purpose, wealth).
  Prefix: sam

Note: Predicate adjective for `aham`.

हि (hi) - for, indeed (explanatory particle) (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - The Shalmali tree speaking about itself (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

Note: Subject of the clause.

वायोः (vāyoḥ) - of the wind god Vayu (of the wind, of Vayu)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, Vayu (the wind god)

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `balena` (strength of Vayu) or `asamarthaḥ` (incapable of Vayu's strength).

बलेन (balena) - by strength, with power

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, might

Root: bal (class 10)

Note: Expresses the means or instrument.

बलवान् (balavān) - strong, powerful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of balavat

balavat - strong, powerful, mighty, endowed with strength

From `bala` (strength) with suffix `mat/vat` (possessing).

Note: Predicate adjective for `saḥ`.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely (emphasizing the statement) (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - the wind, Vayu (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of the clause.