महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-4, verse-23

किं नाम दुःखं लोकेऽस्मिन्पितुर्वधमनुस्मरन् ।
हृदयं निर्दहन्मेऽद्य रात्र्यहानि न शाम्यति ॥२३॥

23. kiṁ nāma duḥkhaṁ loke'sminpiturvadhamanusmaran ,
hṛdayaṁ nirdahanme'dya rātryahāni na śāmyati.

23. kim nāma duḥkham loke asmin pituḥ vadham anusmaran
hṛdayam nirdahan me adya rātryahāni na śāmyati

23. asmin loke pituḥ vadham anusmaran kim nāma duḥkham (asti)? me
hṛdayam nirdahan (idam duḥkham) adya rātryahāni na śāmyati

23. What suffering in this world can compare to remembering my father's murder? Burning my heart, it does not subside day or night.

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, which

• नाम (nāma) - Used for emphasis, 'what indeed'. (indeed, by name, what kind of)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• पितुः (pituḥ) - Referring to Droṇa, Drauṇi's father. (of the father)

• वधम् (vadham) - killing, murder, slaying

• अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering, recalling

• हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart, mind

• निर्दहन् (nirdahan) - burning, consuming

• मे (me) - my, to me, for me

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• रात्र्यहानि (rātryahāni) - nights and days

• न (na) - not

• शाम्यति (śāmyati) - subsides, ceases, is pacified

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

नाम (nāma) - Used for emphasis, 'what indeed'. (indeed, by name, what kind of)

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, sorrow, pain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, sorrow, pain, misery, uneasiness

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people, mankind

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

पितुः (pituḥ) - Referring to Droṇa, Drauṇi's father. (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

वधम् (vadham) - killing, murder, slaying

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, slaying, murder, destruction

Derived from root vadh (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering, recalling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anusmarant

anusmarant - remembering, recollecting, calling to mind

Present Active Participle

Derived from root smṛ (to remember) with prefix anu-.

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (anu+smarant)

• anu – after, along, with, according to
  indeclinable
  Prepositional prefix.
• smarant – remembering
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root smṛ (to remember).
  Root: smṛ (class 1)

हृदयम् (hṛdayam) - heart, mind

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, soul, interior

निर्दहन् (nirdahan) - burning, consuming

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirdahant

nirdahant - burning down, consuming, scorching

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dah (to burn) with prefix nir-.

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (nir+dahant)

• nir – out, forth, away, completely
  indeclinable
  Prepositional prefix.
• dahant – burning
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Derived from root dah (to burn).
  Root: dah (class 1)

मे (me) - my, to me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

Note: Can also be dative singular.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

रात्र्यहानि (rātryahāni) - nights and days

(noun)

neuter, dual of rātryahan

rātryahan - nights and days (dvandva compound)

Dvandva compound of rātri (night) and ahan (day). The stem form is rātryahan. Rātryahāni is nominative/accusative dual neuter.

Compound type : dvandva (rātri+ahan)

• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शाम्यति (śāmyati) - subsides, ceases, is pacified

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of śam

Present Active

3rd person singular, present tense, active voice, 4th class verb (śāmyati).

Root: śam (class 4)