महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-4, verse-25

कथं हि मादृशो लोके मुहूर्तमपि जीवति ।
द्रोणो हतेति यद्वाचः पाञ्चालानां शृणोम्यहम् ॥२५॥

25. kathaṁ hi mādṛśo loke muhūrtamapi jīvati ,
droṇo hateti yadvācaḥ pāñcālānāṁ śṛṇomyaham.

25. katham hi mādṛśaḥ loke muhūrtam api jīvati
droṇaḥ hata iti yat vācaḥ pāñcālānām śṛṇomi aham

25. hi mādṛśaḥ loke muhūrtam api katham jīvati yat
aham pāñcālānām droṇaḥ hata iti vācaḥ śṛṇomi

25. Indeed, how can one like me live even for a moment in this world, when I hear the words of the Pāñcālas proclaiming, 'Droṇa is killed'?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• मादृशः (mādṛśaḥ) - one like me

• लोके (loke) - in the world

• मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, a short time

• अपि (api) - even, also

• जीवति (jīvati) - lives

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa, the guru and commander (Droṇa)

• हत (hata) - killed, slain

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (indicating direct speech)

• यत् (yat) - which, that (referring to the words)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches

• पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - Referring to the people of the Pāñcāla kingdom, enemies of Droṇa and Dhṛṣṭadyumna's family. (of the Pāñcālas)

• शृणोमि (śṛṇomi) - I hear

• अहम् (aham) - I

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how?, in what manner?

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

मादृशः (mādṛśaḥ) - one like me

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mādṛśa

mādṛśa - like me, similar to me

Compound type : bahuvrihi (asmad+dṛś)

• asmad – I, we (first person pronoun)
  pronoun
• dṛś – seeing, appearance, like
  noun
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

लोके (loke) - in the world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - for a moment, a short time

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of muhūrta

muhūrta - a moment, a specific division of time (48 minutes)

Note: Used adverbially to denote duration.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

जीवति (jīvati) - lives

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of jīv

Root: jīv (class 1)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa, the guru and commander (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (a name); a measure of capacity

हत (hata) - killed, slain

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, ruined

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root han.

Root: han (class 2)

इति (iti) - thus, so, (indicating direct speech)

(indeclinable)

यत् (yat) - which, that (referring to the words)

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that (relative pronoun)

Note: Here functioning as an adverbial conjunction or referring to the content of 'vācaḥ'.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word

पाञ्चालानाम् (pāñcālānām) - Referring to the people of the Pāñcāla kingdom, enemies of Droṇa and Dhṛṣṭadyumna's family. (of the Pāñcālas)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - a king or inhabitant of the Pāñcāla country

शृणोमि (śṛṇomi) - I hear

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)