महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-76, verse-31

ययातिरुवाच ।
अधर्मो न स्पृशेदेवं महान्मामिह भार्गव ।
वर्णसंकरजो ब्रह्मन्निति त्वां प्रवृणोम्यहम् ॥३१॥

31. yayātiruvāca ,
adharmo na spṛśedevaṁ mahānmāmiha bhārgava ,
varṇasaṁkarajo brahmanniti tvāṁ pravṛṇomyaham.

31. yayātiḥ uvāca adharmaḥ na spṛśet evam mahān mām iha
bhārgava varṇasaṃkarajaḥ brahman iti tvām pravṛṇomi aham

31. Yayāti said, "O son of Bhṛgu, O Brahmin, let no great adharma, which arises from a mixing of social orders, touch me here in this way. Thus, I choose you (as my authority in this matter)."

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti (name of a king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, vice

• न (na) - not

• स्पृशेत् (spṛśet) - may touch, should touch

• एवम् (evam) - in this situation (of marriage between unequal castes) (thus, in this manner)

• महान् (mahān) - great, large

• माम् (mām) - (touch) me (Yayāti) (me)

• इह (iha) - here, in this situation (here, in this world, in this matter)

• भार्गव (bhārgava) - O son of Bhṛgu (addressing Śukra) (O son of Bhṛgu)

• वर्णसंकरजः (varṇasaṁkarajaḥ) - born of mixing castes, arising from varṇasaṃkara

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin (addressing Śukra) (O Brahmin)

• इति (iti) - therefore, for this reason (thus, in this manner, indicates direct speech)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Śukra) (you)

• प्रवृणोमि (pravṛṇomi) - I choose you (as my guide/authority) (I choose, I select, I elect)

• अहम् (aham) - I

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti (name of a king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayāti (name of a famous ancient king)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense (Liṭ)

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada, intensive reduplication.

Root: vac (class 2)

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, vice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, vice, evil, contrary to dharma

Negative compound (Nañ-tatpuruṣa) of dharma.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates spṛśet.

स्पृशेत् (spṛśet) - may touch, should touch

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (Vidhi-liṅ) of spṛś

Optative (Vidhi-liṅ)

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada.

Root: spṛś (class 6)

एवम् (evam) - in this situation (of marriage between unequal castes) (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial.

Note: Modifies spṛśet.

महान् (mahān) - great, large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty

Masculine nominative singular form.

माम् (mām) - (touch) me (Yayāti) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Accusative singular form.

Note: Refers to Yayāti.

इह (iha) - here, in this situation (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial.

Note: Modifies the entire clause.

भार्गव (bhārgava) - O son of Bhṛgu (addressing Śukra) (O son of Bhṛgu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārgava

bhārgava - descendant of Bhṛgu, relating to Bhṛgu (an epithet for Śukra)

Patronymic derivation from Bhṛgu.

Note: Yayāti addressing Śukra.

वर्णसंकरजः (varṇasaṁkarajaḥ) - born of mixing castes, arising from varṇasaṃkara

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of varṇasaṃkaraja

varṇasaṁkaraja - born of the confusion/mixing of social orders (varṇas)

Compound noun, Bahuvrīhi or Tatpurusha. "Born from Varna-sankara".

Compound type : tatpurusha (varṇasaṃkara+ja)

• varṇasaṃkara – mixing of social orders/castes
  noun (masculine)
  Compound 'varṇa' (caste) + 'saṃkara' (mixture).
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies adharmaḥ.

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O Brahmin (addressing Śukra) (O Brahmin)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahmin, priest, prayer, the Absolute

Vocative singular form.

इति (iti) - therefore, for this reason (thus, in this manner, indicates direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

Note: Connects the statement of concern to the action of choosing.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (Śukra) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Accusative singular form.

Note: Refers to Śukra.

प्रवृणोमि (pravṛṇomi) - I choose you (as my guide/authority) (I choose, I select, I elect)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of vṛ

Present Tense (Laṭ)

1st person singular, Ātmanepada, with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Subject is aham.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Nominative singular form.

Note: Subject of pravṛṇomi.