महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-76, verse-19

ययातिरुवाच ।
एकदेहोद्भवा वर्णाश्चत्वारोऽपि वराङ्गने ।
पृथग्धर्माः पृथक्शौचास्तेषां तु ब्राह्मणो वरः ॥१९॥

19. yayātiruvāca ,
ekadehodbhavā varṇāścatvāro'pi varāṅgane ,
pṛthagdharmāḥ pṛthakśaucāsteṣāṁ tu brāhmaṇo varaḥ.

19. yayātiḥ uvāca ekadehodbhavāḥ varṇāḥ catvāraḥ api varāṅgane
pṛthagdharmāḥ pṛthakśaucāḥ teṣām tu brāhmaṇaḥ varaḥ

19. Yayāti said: O beautiful lady, although the four social classes (varṇas) originate from a single body, they have distinct dharmas and distinct purifications. Among them, however, the Brāhmaṇa is the best.

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एकदेहोद्भवाः (ekadehodbhavāḥ) - originating from a single body (referring to the four varṇas) (originating from a single body)

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - the social classes (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, Śūdra) (social classes, colors, kinds)

• चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

• अपि (api) - also, even, although

• वराङ्गने (varāṅgane) - O beautiful woman, O excellent lady

• पृथग्धर्माः (pṛthagdharmāḥ) - having distinct religious/moral duties (having distinct dharmas, with separate duties)

• पृथक्शौचाः (pṛthakśaucāḥ) - having distinct purifications/cleanliness rituals

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - among them (the varṇas) (of them)

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a member of the Brāhmaṇa class (a Brāhmaṇa)

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, superior

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayāti (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayāti (a legendary king, son of Nahuṣa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of uvāca

perfect tense

3rd person singular active perfect of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एकदेहोद्भवाः (ekadehodbhavāḥ) - originating from a single body (referring to the four varṇas) (originating from a single body)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ekadehodbhava

ekadehodbhava - originating from one body/source

Compound type : tatpurusha (eka+deha+udbhava)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (masculine)
• deha – body
  noun (masculine)
• udbhava – origin, birth, production
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bhū with prefix ud-
  Prefix: ud
  Root: bhū (class 1)

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - the social classes (Brāhmaṇa, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya, Śūdra) (social classes, colors, kinds)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, social class, caste, kind, syllable

चत्वारः (catvāraḥ) - four

(numeral)

अपि (api) - also, even, although

(indeclinable)

वराङ्गने (varāṅgane) - O beautiful woman, O excellent lady

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of varāṅganā

varāṅganā - beautiful woman, excellent lady

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vara+aṅganā)

• vara – excellent, best, desired, boon
  adjective (feminine)
• aṅganā – woman
  noun (feminine)

पृथग्धर्माः (pṛthagdharmāḥ) - having distinct religious/moral duties (having distinct dharmas, with separate duties)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pṛthagdharma

pṛthagdharma - having distinct dharmas/duties

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pṛthak+dharma)

• pṛthak – separate, distinct, severally
  indeclinable
• dharma – dharma, duty, righteousness, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)

पृथक्शौचाः (pṛthakśaucāḥ) - having distinct purifications/cleanliness rituals

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pṛthakśauca

pṛthakśauca - having distinct purifications/cleanliness rituals

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pṛthak+śauca)

• pṛthak – separate, distinct, severally
  indeclinable
• śauca – purity, cleanliness, ritual purification
  noun (neuter)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - among them (the varṇas) (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

ब्राह्मणः (brāhmaṇaḥ) - a member of the Brāhmaṇa class (a Brāhmaṇa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brāhmaṇa (member of the priestly class), relating to Brahman

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, superior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, superior, boon, husband