महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-76, verse-17

ययातिरुवाच ।
विद्ध्यौशनसि भद्रं ते न त्वामर्होऽस्मि भामिनि ।
अविवाह्या हि राजानो देवयानि पितुस्तव ॥१७॥

17. yayātiruvāca ,
viddhyauśanasi bhadraṁ te na tvāmarho'smi bhāmini ,
avivāhyā hi rājāno devayāni pitustava.

17. yayātiḥ uvāca viddhi auśanasi bhadram te na tvām arhaḥ
asmi bhāmini avivāhyāḥ hi rājānaḥ devayāni pituḥ tava

17. Yayati said, 'Listen, O daughter of Uśanas (Śukra), may good fortune be upon you! O beautiful lady, I am not worthy of you. Indeed, kings cannot marry the daughters of your father, O Devayani.'

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - The king Yayati, speaker of the verse. (Yayati (a king's name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, told

• विद्धि (viddhi) - Pay attention, understand this (what I am about to tell you). (know, understand, learn)

• औशनसि (auśanasi) - Vocative address to Devayani, referring to her father Shukracharya (Ushanas). (O daughter of Ushanas (Shukra))

• भद्रम् (bhadram) - Expresses a wish for Devayani's well-being. 'May good fortune be yours!' (good, auspiciousness, welfare, blessing)

• ते (te) - To you (Devayani). (to you, your, for you)

• न (na) - Negates the statement of Yayati's worthiness. (not, no)

• त्वाम् (tvām) - Direct object of 'worthy of' (I am not worthy of you). (you (accusative))

• अर्हः (arhaḥ) - I am not worthy (of you). (worthy, deserving, able, fit)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• भामिनि (bhāmini) - Vocative address to Devayani, emphasizing her spirited nature or beauty. (O passionate one, O beautiful lady, O angry one)

• अविवाह्याः (avivāhyāḥ) - Kings (Kshatriyas) are not suitable for marriage to Brahmin women like Devayani, due to dharma rules. (not to be married, unsuitable for marriage, unmarriageable)

• हि (hi) - Provides the reason for his unworthiness, introducing an explanation. (indeed, for, because)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - Kings (of the Kshatriya varna) who are traditionally not allowed to marry daughters of Brahmins. (kings, rulers)

• देवयानि (devayāni) - Direct address to Devayani. (O Devayani)

• पितुः (pituḥ) - Of your father, Shukracharya. (of the father)

• तव (tava) - Refers to Devayani, indicating 'your father'. (your, of you)

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - The king Yayati, speaker of the verse. (Yayati (a king's name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - A famous ancient king; mover, one who goes.

Root: yā (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

विद्धि (viddhi) - Pay attention, understand this (what I am about to tell you). (know, understand, learn)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of vid

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, active voice (irregular form).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject is implied 'tvam' (Devayani).

औशनसि (auśanasi) - Vocative address to Devayani, referring to her father Shukracharya (Ushanas). (O daughter of Ushanas (Shukra))

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of auśanasī

auśanasī - daughter of Ushanas (Śukra), referring to Devayani.

Feminine patronymic from `Uśanas` (another name for Śukra).

भद्रम् (bhadram) - Expresses a wish for Devayani's well-being. 'May good fortune be yours!' (good, auspiciousness, welfare, blessing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhadra

bhadra - auspicious, good, fortunate, excellent, beautiful, a blessing.

Root: bhad (class 1)

Note: Often used in benedictions like `bhadraṃ te` ('good for you').

ते (te) - To you (Devayani). (to you, your, for you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, second person pronoun).

Enclitic form for Dative/Genitive singular.

Note: 'May good be to you'.

न (na) - Negates the statement of Yayati's worthiness. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

त्वाम् (tvām) - Direct object of 'worthy of' (I am not worthy of you). (you (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, second person pronoun).

Accusative singular.

Note: Object for which Yayati is not worthy.

अर्हः (arhaḥ) - I am not worthy (of you). (worthy, deserving, able, fit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arha

arha - worthy, deserving, able, proper, fit, suitable.

From root `arh` (to be worthy).

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `aham` (implied).

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present tense, 1st person singular, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula for `arhaḥ`.

भामिनि (bhāmini) - Vocative address to Devayani, emphasizing her spirited nature or beauty. (O passionate one, O beautiful lady, O angry one)

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhāminī

bhāminī - passionate woman, beautiful woman, angry woman, charming woman.

From `bhāma` (light, passion).

Root: bhā (class 2)

अविवाह्याः (avivāhyāḥ) - Kings (Kshatriyas) are not suitable for marriage to Brahmin women like Devayani, due to dharma rules. (not to be married, unsuitable for marriage, unmarriageable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avivāhya

avivāhya - not to be married, not marriageable, unfit for marriage.

Gerundive (Negated)

From `a-` (not) + `vivāhya` (fit for marriage, from `vi-vah` with `ṇyat`).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+vivāhya)

• a – not, un-, without.
  indeclinable
• vivāhya – to be married, suitable for marriage, marriageable.
  adjective
  Gerundive
  From root `vah` (to carry, to marry) with prefix `vi-` and suffix `ṇyat`.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `rājānaḥ`.

हि (hi) - Provides the reason for his unworthiness, introducing an explanation. (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - Kings (of the Kshatriya varna) who are traditionally not allowed to marry daughters of Brahmins. (kings, rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign, prince.

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause, referring to his social status.

देवयानि (devayāni) - Direct address to Devayani. (O Devayani)

(proper noun)

Vocative, feminine, singular of devayānī

devayānī - Name of Shukracharya's daughter, a celestial path.

पितुः (pituḥ) - Of your father, Shukracharya. (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, progenitor.

`ṛ`-ending masculine noun.

Note: Refers to Devayani's father.

तव (tava) - Refers to Devayani, indicating 'your father'. (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular, second person pronoun).

Genitive singular.

Note: Agrees with `pituḥ`.