महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-76, verse-15

ययातिरुवाच ।
मृगलिप्सुरहं भद्रे पानीयार्थमुपागतः ।
बहु चाप्यनुयुक्तोऽस्मि तन्मानुज्ञातुमर्हसि ॥१५॥

15. yayātiruvāca ,
mṛgalipsurahaṁ bhadre pānīyārthamupāgataḥ ,
bahu cāpyanuyukto'smi tanmānujñātumarhasi.

15. yayātiḥ uvāca mṛgalipsuḥ aham bhadre pānīyārtham upāgataḥ
bahu ca api anuyuktaḥ asmi tat mā anujñātum arhasi

15. Yayati said, 'O auspicious lady, I have come here for water, though I am also indeed a hunter. Since I have been questioned extensively, you should now grant me leave.'

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - The king Yayati, speaker of the verse. (Yayati (a king's name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, told

• मृगलिप्सुः (mṛgalipsuḥ) - Stating he is also a hunter, despite primarily seeking water at this moment. (desirous of hunting, intent on the chase, a hunter)

• अहम् (aham) - Refers to Yayati, the speaker. (I)

• भद्रे (bhadre) - Vocative address to Devayani. (O auspicious one, O good lady, O fair one)

• पानीयार्थम् (pānīyārtham) - To obtain water for drinking. (for the purpose of water, for water)

• उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - I have come (to this place). (arrived, come, approached)

• बहु (bahu) - I have been questioned much/extensively. (much, many, extensively)

• च (ca) - Connects the two parts of Yayati's statement, 'also indeed'. (and, also, moreover)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizes 'also' or 'indeed', as in 'I am also a hunter' or 'indeed, I have been questioned'. (also, even, too)

• अनुयुक्तः (anuyuktaḥ) - Refers to having been questioned (by Devayani). (questioned, interrogated, appointed, engaged)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• तत् (tat) - Indicating consequence, 'therefore' or 'thus'. (therefore, that, so)

• मा (mā) - Direct object of 'to permit'. (me (accusative))

• अनुज्ञातुम् (anujñātum) - To allow me to depart or leave the situation. (to permit, to allow, to grant leave, to approve)

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - You should grant me permission to go. (you ought, you should, you are able, you deserve)

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - The king Yayati, speaker of the verse. (Yayati (a king's name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - A famous ancient king; mover, one who goes.

Root: yā (class 2)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, told

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

मृगलिप्सुः (mṛgalipsuḥ) - Stating he is also a hunter, despite primarily seeking water at this moment. (desirous of hunting, intent on the chase, a hunter)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛgalipsu

mṛgalipsu - desirous of hunting, intent on the chase, a hunter.

Desiderative Noun/Adjective

From `mṛga` (game) + desiderative stem of `labh` (to obtain) + `u` suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mṛga+lipsā)

• mṛga – deer, game animal, wild animal.
  noun (masculine)
• lipsā – desire to obtain, wish to seize, longing.
  noun (feminine)
  Desiderative noun
  From desiderative stem of `labh` (to obtain) + `ā`.
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `aham`.

अहम् (aham) - Refers to Yayati, the speaker. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun).

Note: Subject of implied 'asmi'.

भद्रे (bhadre) - Vocative address to Devayani. (O auspicious one, O good lady, O fair one)

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of bhadrā

bhadrā - auspicious, good, prosperous, beautiful, excellent (feminine form of `bhadra`).

Root: bhad (class 1)

पानीयार्थम् (pānīyārtham) - To obtain water for drinking. (for the purpose of water, for water)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pānīyārtha

pānīyārtha - for the sake of water.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pānīya+artha)

• pānīya – drinkable, water.
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root `pā` (to drink) with suffix `anīya`.
  Root: pā (class 1)
• artha – purpose, meaning, for the sake of, object.
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially to indicate purpose.

उपागतः (upāgataḥ) - I have come (to this place). (arrived, come, approached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upāgata

upāgata - approached, come near, arrived, resorted to.

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `gam` with prefixes `upa-` and `ā-` and suffix `kta`.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `aham`.

बहु (bahu) - I have been questioned much/extensively. (much, many, extensively)

(adjective)

of bahu

bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant, great.

Note: Modifies `anuyuktaḥ`.

च (ca) - Connects the two parts of Yayati's statement, 'also indeed'. (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - Emphasizes 'also' or 'indeed', as in 'I am also a hunter' or 'indeed, I have been questioned'. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

अनुयुक्तः (anuyuktaḥ) - Refers to having been questioned (by Devayani). (questioned, interrogated, appointed, engaged)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuyukta

anuyukta - questioned, interrogated, engaged in, appointed, fit, proper.

Past Passive Participle

From root `yuj` with prefix `anu-` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: anu

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with `aham`.

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present tense, 1st person singular, active voice.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Copula for `mṛgalipsuḥ` and `anuyuktaḥ`.

तत् (tat) - Indicating consequence, 'therefore' or 'thus'. (therefore, that, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the previous statement to the command.

मा (mā) - Direct object of 'to permit'. (me (accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun).

Optional short form for `mām` (accusative singular).

अनुज्ञातुम् (anujñātum) - To allow me to depart or leave the situation. (to permit, to allow, to grant leave, to approve)

(verb)

infinitive of anujñā

Infinitive

From root `jñā` (to know) with prefix `anu-` and suffix `tumun`.

Prefix: anu

Root: jñā (class 9)

अर्हसि (arhasi) - You should grant me permission to go. (you ought, you should, you are able, you deserve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of arh

Present tense, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: The implied subject is 'tvam' (you).