महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-39, verse-4

सूत उवाच ।
एवमुक्तः स नागेन्द्रः काश्यपेन महात्मना ।
अदशद्वृक्षमभ्येत्य न्यग्रोधं पन्नगोत्तमः ॥४॥

4. sūta uvāca ,
evamuktaḥ sa nāgendraḥ kāśyapena mahātmanā ,
adaśadvṛkṣamabhyetya nyagrodhaṁ pannagottamaḥ.

4. sūtaḥ uvāca evam uktaḥ saḥ nāgendraḥ kāśyapena mahātmanā
adaśat vṛkṣam abhyetya nyagrodham pannagottamaḥ

4. Sūta said: Thus spoken to by the magnanimous Kaśyapa, that king of serpents, the foremost among serpents, approached the banyan tree and bit it.

Words meanings summery:

• सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator of the Mahābhārata) (charioteer, bard, Sūta (a class of narrators))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

• सः (saḥ) - that (Takṣaka) (he, that)

• नागेन्द्रः (nāgendraḥ) - the king of serpents (Takṣaka) (king of serpents)

• काश्यपेन (kāśyapena) - by Kaśyapa

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the magnanimous (Kaśyapa) (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

• अदशत् (adaśat) - bit (bit, stung)

• वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - the tree (tree)

• अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached (having approached, having come near)

• न्यग्रोधम् (nyagrodham) - the banyan tree (banyan tree)

• पन्नगोत्तमः (pannagottamaḥ) - the foremost among serpents (Takṣaka) (best of serpents, foremost serpent)

Words meanings and morphology

सूतः (sūtaḥ) - Sūta (the narrator of the Mahābhārata) (charioteer, bard, Sūta (a class of narrators))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, narrator, a mixed caste

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense

Irregular perfect of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way (thus, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - addressed (said, spoken, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, told, addressed

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'nāgendraḥ' and 'pannagottamaḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - that (Takṣaka) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'nāgendraḥ'.

नागेन्द्रः (nāgendraḥ) - the king of serpents (Takṣaka) (king of serpents)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgendra

nāgendra - king of serpents, chief of serpents

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāga+indra)

• nāga – serpent, snake, elephant
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'adaśat'.

काश्यपेन (kāśyapena) - by Kaśyapa

(noun)

masculine, singular of kāśyapa

kāśyapa - descendant of Kaśyapa, name of a sage

Note: Agent of the passive participle 'uktaḥ'.

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the magnanimous (Kaśyapa) (by the great-souled one, by the magnanimous one)

(adjective)

masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound of mahā (great) and ātman (soul).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'kāśyapena'.

अदशत् (adaśat) - bit (bit, stung)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of daṃś

imperfect tense

Derived from root daṃś

Root: daṃś (class 1)

Note: Sandhi with following 'vṛkṣam' forms 'adaśadvṛkṣam'.

वृक्षम् (vṛkṣam) - the tree (tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛkṣa

vṛkṣa - tree, a kind of plant

Note: Object of 'adaśat'.

अभ्येत्य (abhyetya) - having approached (having approached, having come near)

(indeclinable)

gerund (absolutive)

Gerund formed with prefix 'abhi' and root 'i'

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Used to indicate an action preceding the main verb 'adaśat'.

न्यग्रोधम् (nyagrodham) - the banyan tree (banyan tree)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nyagrodha

nyagrodha - banyan tree (Ficus indica)

Note: Agrees with 'vṛkṣam'.

पन्नगोत्तमः (pannagottamaḥ) - the foremost among serpents (Takṣaka) (best of serpents, foremost serpent)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pannagottama

pannagottama - best of serpents, excellent snake

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pannaga+uttama)

• pannaga – serpent, snake (lit. 'moving on its belly')
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'panna' (fallen/bent) + 'ga' (going).
• uttama – highest, best, chief, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'nāgendraḥ'.