योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-3, verse-13

चेतनं कर्म तत्स्वान्तर्न्निर्मूलं भ्रमयक्षवत् ।
उदेत्यहेतुकं तच्चेन्नोदितं तन्न विद्यते ॥ १३ ॥

cetanaṃ karma tatsvāntarnnirmūlaṃ bhramayakṣavat ,
udetyahetukaṃ taccennoditaṃ tanna vidyate 13

13. cetanam karma tat-sva-antar nirmūlam bhrama-yakṣavat
| udeti ahetukam tat cet na uditam tat na vidyate

13. cetanam karma tat-sva-antar nirmūlam bhrama-yakṣavat udeti.
tat cet ahetukam (udeti),
tat na uditam (cet),
tat na vidyate

13. Conscious activity (cetanam karma) arises within itself, rootless, like an illusory spirit (bhrama-yakṣavat). If that (activity) were to arise without cause (ahetukam), then, if it has not yet arisen, it simply does not exist.

13. הפעילות המודעת עולה בתוך האדם ללא שורש, כמו יַקְשַׁה (רוח רפאים) מתעתע. היא מופיעה ללא סיבה, ואם אינה עולה, היא אינה קיימת כלל.

Words meanings summery:

• चेतनम् (cetanam) - conscious (activity) (conscious, sentient, intelligent)

• कर्म (karma) - activity (mental activity, experience) (action, deed, work, effect of action)

• तत्-स्व-अन्तर् (tat-sva-antar) - within its own (nature/essence) (within itself, inside its own being)

• निर्मूलम् (nirmūlam) - rootless, baseless, without foundation

• भ्रम-यक्षवत् (bhrama-yakṣavat) - like an illusion-demon, like a delusive spirit

• उदेति (udeti) - arises, rises, appears

• अहेतुकम् (ahetukam) - without cause, causeless

• तत् (tat) - that action/activity (that)

• चेत् (cet) - if

• न (na) - not, no

• उदितम् (uditam) - not having arisen (yet) (arisen, risen, appeared)

• तत् (tat) - that action/activity (that)

• न (na) - not, no

• विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is present, is found

Words meanings and morphology

चेतनम् (cetanam) - conscious (activity) (conscious, sentient, intelligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cetana

cetana - conscious, intelligent, sentient, living

From root 'cit' (to perceive, know)

Root: cit (class 1)

कर्म (karma) - activity (mental activity, experience) (action, deed, work, effect of action)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, effect of action (karma), ritual act

From root 'kṛ' (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तत्-स्व-अन्तर् (tat-sva-antar) - within its own (nature/essence) (within itself, inside its own being)

(indeclinable)

'tat' (that) + 'sva' (own) + 'antar' (within)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (tad+sva+antar)

• tad – that, its
  pronoun (neuter)
• sva – own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• antar – within, inside
  indeclinable

Note: Syntactically functioning as a locative.

निर्मूलम् (nirmūlam) - rootless, baseless, without foundation

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nirmūla

nirmūla - rootless, baseless, without foundation, eradicated

'nir' (without) + 'mūla' (root)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (nir+mūla)

• nir – without, out, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• mūla – root, origin, foundation
  noun (neuter)

भ्रम-यक्षवत् (bhrama-yakṣavat) - like an illusion-demon, like a delusive spirit

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhrama-yakṣavat

bhrama-yakṣavat - like an illusory spirit/demon

'bhrama-yakṣa' (illusion-demon) + 'vat' (like, as)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhrama+yakṣa)

• bhrama – error, illusion, delusion, wandering
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'bhram' (to wander, to err)
  Root: bhram (class 1)
• yakṣa – yaksha (a class of benevolent but sometimes mischievous nature spirits or demons), spirit, apparition
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to qualify 'karma's nature.

उदेति (udeti) - arises, rises, appears

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of ud-i

Present Active

From root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'ud'.

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

अहेतुकम् (ahetukam) - without cause, causeless

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahetuka

ahetuka - causeless, without cause or reason

'a' (negation) + 'hetu' (cause) + 'ka' (suffix)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+hetu)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)

तत् (tat) - that action/activity (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'karma'.

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Connects a conditional clause.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उदितम् (uditam) - not having arisen (yet) (arisen, risen, appeared)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ud-ita

ud-ita - risen, arisen, appeared, said

Past Passive Participle

From root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'ud', and 'kta' suffix.

Prefix: ud

Root: i (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that action/activity (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'karma'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

विद्यते (vidyate) - exists, is present, is found

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle/passive, present (lat) of vid

Present Middle

Passive form of 'vid' (to be) or middle form of 'vid' (to know). Here, 'to be/exist'.

Root: vid (class 4)

Previous Verse Next Verse