योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-3, verse-31

यत्समूलं परित्यक्तं तत्त्यक्तमिति कथ्यते ।
अमूलकाषस्त्यागो यः स शाखालवनोपमः ॥ ३१ ॥

yatsamūlaṃ parityaktaṃ tattyaktamiti kathyate ,
amūlakāṣastyāgo yaḥ sa śākhālavanopamaḥ 31

31. yat samūlam parityaktam tat tyaktam iti kathyate
amūlakāṣaḥ tyāgaḥ yaḥ sa śākhālavanopamaḥ

31. yat samūlam parityaktam,
tat tyaktam iti kathyate.
yaḥ amūlakāṣaḥ tyāgaḥ,
sa śākhālavanopamaḥ.

31. That which is abandoned from its very root is truly called abandonment (tyāga). The abandonment (tyāga) that does not uproot (the cause) is merely like cutting branches.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, that which

• समूलम् (samūlam) - with the root, entirely, completely

• परित्यक्तम् (parityaktam) - abandoned, renounced, given up

• तत् (tat) - that

• त्यक्तम् (tyaktam) - abandoned, renounced, given up

• इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates quotation or conclusion

• कथ्यते (kathyate) - is called, is said, is narrated

• अमूलकाषः (amūlakāṣaḥ) - not uprooting, not having the root scraped

• त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment, renunciation, sacrifice

• यः (yaḥ) - which, who, that

• स (sa) - that, he

• शाखालवनोपमः (śākhālavanopamaḥ) - like the cutting of branches, resembling pruning

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, that which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that which, who

समूलम् (samūlam) - with the root, entirely, completely

(indeclinable)

`sa` (with) + `mūla` (root)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+mūla)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• mūla – root, basis, origin
  noun (neuter)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of `samūla` used adverbially.

परित्यक्तम् (parityaktam) - abandoned, renounced, given up

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of parityakta

parityakta - abandoned, renounced, given up

Past Passive Participle

from root `tyaj` with `pari` prefix

Prefix: pari

Root: tyaj (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

त्यक्तम् (tyaktam) - abandoned, renounced, given up

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tyakta

tyakta - abandoned, renounced, given up

Past Passive Participle

from root `tyaj`

Root: tyaj (class 1)

इति (iti) - thus, so, indicates quotation or conclusion

(indeclinable)

कथ्यते (kathyate) - is called, is said, is narrated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of kath

present passive third singular

from root `kath` (denominative from `kathā`)

Root: kath (class 10)

अमूलकाषः (amūlakāṣaḥ) - not uprooting, not having the root scraped

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amūlakāṣa

amūlakāṣa - not uprooting, not having the root scraped, superficial

`a` (not) + `mūla` (root) + `kāṣa` (scraping/rubbing)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mūla+kāṣa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• mūla – root, basis, origin
  noun (neuter)
• kāṣa – scraping, rubbing, friction
  noun (masculine)
  from root `kaṣ`
  Root: kaṣ (class 1)

त्यागः (tyāgaḥ) - abandonment, renunciation, sacrifice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyāga

tyāga - abandonment, renunciation, giving up, sacrifice

from root `tyaj` with suffix `ghañ`

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: This word requires transliteration in translation.

यः (yaḥ) - which, who, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, that

स (sa) - that, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शाखालवनोपमः (śākhālavanopamaḥ) - like the cutting of branches, resembling pruning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śākhālavanopama

śākhālavanopama - like the cutting of branches

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śākhā+lavana+upama)

• śākhā – branch, bough
  noun (feminine)
• lavana – cutting, reaping
  noun (neuter)
  from root `lū`
  Root: lū (class 9)
• upama – similar, like, resemblance
  adjective/noun (masculine/neuter/feminine)

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