योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-111, verse-8

कच उवाच ।
भगवन्सर्वधर्मज्ञ कथं संसृतिपञ्जरात् ।
अस्मान्निर्गम्यते ब्रूहि जन्तुना जीवतन्तुना ॥ ८ ॥

kaca uvāca ,
bhagavansarvadharmajña kathaṃ saṃsṛtipañjarāt ,
asmānnirgamyate brūhi jantunā jīvatantunā 8

8. kacaḥ uvāca bhagavan sarvadharmajña katham
saṃsṛtipañjarāt asmāt nirgamyate brūhi jantunā jīvatantunā

8. kacaḥ uvāca bhagavan sarvadharmajña brūhi jantunā
jīvatantunā asmāt saṃsṛtipañjarāt katham nirgamyate

8. Kaca said: O revered one, who knows all aspects of natural law (dharma), please tell me, how can a living being (jantu), an individual soul (jīvatantu), emerge from this cage of transmigration (saṃsṛti)?

Words meanings summery:

• कचः (kacaḥ) - Kaca (the speaker) (Kaca (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - (Kaca) said (said, spoke)

• भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered teacher (Bṛhaspati) (O revered one, O lord)

• सर्वधर्मज्ञ (sarvadharmajña) - (O you) who know all aspects of natural law (dharma) (knower of all laws/duties/natures)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• संसृतिपञ्जरात् (saṁsṛtipañjarāt) - from the cage of the cycle of rebirth (saṃsṛti) (from the cage of transmigration)

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this (cage) (from this)

• निर्गम्यते (nirgamyate) - can one emerge (literally: is emerged by one) (is emerged, is gone out)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please tell (me) (tell, say, speak)

• जन्तुना (jantunā) - by a living being (by a living being, by a creature)

• जीवतन्तुना (jīvatantunā) - by an individual soul (jīvatantu) (by a living thread, by an individual soul)

Words meanings and morphology

कचः (kacaḥ) - Kaca (the speaker) (Kaca (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaca

kaca - hair; name of Bṛhaspati's son

उवाच (uvāca) - (Kaca) said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplicated root.

Root: vac (class 2)

भगवन् (bhagavan) - O revered teacher (Bṛhaspati) (O revered one, O lord)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - possessing fortune, glorious, divine, revered, blessed

Derived from 'bhaga' (fortune) with -mat suffix.

Note: Adjectival vocative, addressing Bṛhaspati.

सर्वधर्मज्ञ (sarvadharmajña) - (O you) who know all aspects of natural law (dharma) (knower of all laws/duties/natures)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sarvadharmajña

sarvadharmajña - knower of all natural law (dharma), omniscient in duties/laws

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+dharma+jña)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root jñā (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'bhagavan'.

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

संसृतिपञ्जरात् (saṁsṛtipañjarāt) - from the cage of the cycle of rebirth (saṃsṛti) (from the cage of transmigration)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saṃsṛtipañjara

saṁsṛtipañjara - cage of transmigration

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃsṛti+pañjara)

• saṃsṛti – transmigration, worldly existence, cycle of rebirth
  noun (feminine)
  From sam-sṛ (to flow together, wander).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• pañjara – cage, framework
  noun (masculine)

Note: Source from which one emerges.

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this (cage) (from this)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Demonstrative pronoun agreeing with `saṃsṛtipañjarāt`.

निर्गम्यते (nirgamyate) - can one emerge (literally: is emerged by one) (is emerged, is gone out)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of nirgam

present passive

Present tense, 3rd person singular, passive voice.

Prefix: nir

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Implies an agent in the instrumental case (`jantunā`).

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please tell (me) (tell, say, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

imperative active

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Command from Kaca to Bṛhaspati.

जन्तुना (jantunā) - by a living being (by a living being, by a creature)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, human being

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agent in the passive construction.

जीवतन्तुना (jīvatantunā) - by an individual soul (jīvatantu) (by a living thread, by an individual soul)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of jīvatantu

jīvatantu - living thread, individual soul, sentient being

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīva+tantu)

• jīva – living, alive; soul, life, living being
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• tantu – thread, string, continuous line
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `jantunā`.

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