योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-111, verse-28

बृहस्पतिरुवाच ।
चित्तं निजमहंकारं विदुश्चित्तविदो जनाः ।
अन्तर्योऽयमहंभावो जन्तोस्तच्चित्तमुच्यते ॥ २८ ॥

bṛhaspatiruvāca ,
cittaṃ nijamahaṃkāraṃ viduścittavido janāḥ ,
antaryo'yamahaṃbhāvo jantostaccittamucyate 28

28. bṛhaspatiḥ uvāca cittam nijam ahaṅkāram viduḥ cittavidaḥ
janāḥ antaḥ yaḥ ayam ahaṃbhāvaḥ jantoḥ tat cittam ucyate

28. bṛhaspatiḥ uvāca cittavidaḥ janāḥ cittam nijam ahaṅkāram
viduḥ yaḥ ayam antaḥ jantoḥ ahaṃbhāvaḥ tat cittam ucyate

28. Bṛhaspati said: "Those who understand the mind (citta-vid) know the mind (citta) to be one's own ego (ahaṅkāra). Indeed, that inner feeling of 'I-ness' (ahaṃ-bhāva) within a living being is what is referred to as the mind (citta)."

Words meanings summery:

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• चित्तम् (cittam) - the mind (citta) (the mind, consciousness)

• निजम् (nijam) - one's own, inherent

• अहङ्कारम् (ahaṅkāram) - the ego (ahaṅkāra) (the ego, egoism, the sense of 'I')

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

• चित्तविदः (cittavidaḥ) - those who know the mind, knowers of consciousness

• जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - inner, internal, within

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which (masculine singular nominative)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine singular nominative)

• अहंभावः (ahaṁbhāvaḥ) - the sense of 'I-ness' (ahaṃ-bhāva) (the sense of 'I', ego-sense, I-consciousness)

• जन्तोः (jantoḥ) - of a living being, of a creature

• तत् (tat) - that, it (neuter singular nominative)

• चित्तम् (cittam) - the mind (citta) (the mind, consciousness)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

Words meanings and morphology

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - name of the preceptor of the gods, lord of speech

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

3rd person singular, Perfect tense, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

चित्तम् (cittam) - the mind (citta) (the mind, consciousness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, consciousness, thought, heart, intellect

From root cit (to perceive, observe, know).

Root: cit (class 1)

Note: Object of `viduḥ`.

निजम् (nijam) - one's own, inherent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nija

nija - one's own, innate, inherent, proper

Note: Qualifies `ahaṅkāram`.

अहङ्कारम् (ahaṅkāram) - the ego (ahaṅkāra) (the ego, egoism, the sense of 'I')

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ahaṅkāra

ahaṅkāra - ego, egoism, sense of 'I', self-consciousness, individuality

From aham (I) + kṛ (to make), literally 'I-maker'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aham+kāra)

• aham – I
  pronoun
• kāra – maker, doer, act, form
  noun (masculine)
  Suffix -a with root kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate accusative with `viduḥ` ("know [it to be] the ego").

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present active

3rd person plural, Present tense, active voice (from root 'vid' of the 2nd class, 'adādi' group).

Root: vid (class 2)

चित्तविदः (cittavidaḥ) - those who know the mind, knowers of consciousness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of cittavid

cittavid - knower of the mind, one who understands consciousness

Compound of citta (mind) + vid (knower, from root vid).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (citta+vid)

• citta – mind, consciousness
  noun (neuter)
  Root: cit (class 1)
• vid – knower, understanding
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root vid.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Subject of `viduḥ`.

जनाः (janāḥ) - people, persons

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, people, creature, man

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `cittavidaḥ`, together forming "people who know the mind."

अन्तः (antaḥ) - inner, internal, within

(indeclinable)

Used here as a preposition or adverb indicating 'inner' aspect.

Note: Qualifies `ahaṃbhāvaḥ`.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which (masculine singular nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `ahaṃbhāvaḥ`.

अयम् (ayam) - this (masculine singular nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Emphasizes `ahaṃbhāvaḥ`.

अहंभावः (ahaṁbhāvaḥ) - the sense of 'I-ness' (ahaṃ-bhāva) (the sense of 'I', ego-sense, I-consciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ahaṃbhāva

ahaṁbhāva - ego-sense, the feeling of 'I', individuality, self-consciousness

Compound of aham (I) + bhāva (state, feeling, existence).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (aham+bhāva)

• aham – I
  pronoun
• bhāva – state, condition, feeling, nature, existence
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be, become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

जन्तोः (jantoḥ) - of a living being, of a creature

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jantu

jantu - living being, creature, man, animal

From root jan (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `ahaṃbhāvaḥ` ("the I-sense *of* a living being").

तत् (tat) - that, it (neuter singular nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers back to the 'ahaṃbhāva' as "that" which is called mind.

चित्तम् (cittam) - the mind (citta) (the mind, consciousness)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of citta

citta - mind, consciousness, thought, heart, intellect

From root cit (to perceive, observe, know).

Root: cit (class 1)

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called, is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Present passive

3rd person singular, Present tense, passive voice (from root vac, irregular passive stem ucy-).

Root: vac (class 2)