योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-20, verse-40

मध्यस्थदृष्टयः स्वस्था यथाप्राप्तार्थदर्शिनः ।
तज्ज्ञास्तु प्रेक्षका एव साक्षिधर्मे व्यवस्थिताः ॥ ४० ॥

madhyasthadṛṣṭayaḥ svasthā yathāprāptārthadarśinaḥ ,
tajjñāstu prekṣakā eva sākṣidharme vyavasthitāḥ 40

40. madhyasthadṛṣṭayaḥ svasthāḥ yathāprāptārthadarśinaḥ
tajjñāḥ tu prekṣakāḥ eva sākṣidharme vyavasthitāḥ

40. madhyasthadṛṣṭayaḥ svasthāḥ yathāprāptārthadarśinaḥ
tajjñāḥ tu prekṣakāḥ eva sākṣidharme vyavasthitāḥ

40. Those whose vision is impartial, who are self-abiding (svasthāḥ), and who perceive things as they are, such knowers (of reality) are merely observers, established in the intrinsic nature (dharma) of a witness.

Words meanings summery:

• मध्यस्थदृष्टयः (madhyasthadṛṣṭayaḥ) - knowers of reality who possess an impartial perspective (those with impartial vision, those whose perspective is balanced)

• स्वस्थाः (svasthāḥ) - knowers of reality who are self-abiding and tranquil (self-abiding, tranquil, healthy, at ease)

• यथाप्राप्तार्थदर्शिनः (yathāprāptārthadarśinaḥ) - knowers of reality who perceive things in their true, unadulterated form (those who perceive things as they are obtained or presented)

• तज्ज्ञाः (tajjñāḥ) - the enlightened individuals who have realized the true nature of reality (those who know that, the knowers of reality)

• तु (tu) - emphasizing the nature of these knowers (but, indeed, however)

• प्रेक्षकाः (prekṣakāḥ) - mere observers, not active participants in the worldly play (spectators, observers)

• एव (eva) - emphasizing that they are solely observers (only, merely, indeed)

• साक्षिधर्मे (sākṣidharme) - in their role as pure, detached witnesses (in the intrinsic nature of a witness)

• व्यवस्थिताः (vyavasthitāḥ) - firmly established in their role as a witness (established, situated, fixed)

Words meanings and morphology

मध्यस्थदृष्टयः (madhyasthadṛṣṭayaḥ) - knowers of reality who possess an impartial perspective (those with impartial vision, those whose perspective is balanced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of madhyasthadṛṣṭi

madhyasthadṛṣṭi - impartial vision, balanced perspective

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (madhyastha+dṛṣṭi)

• madhyastha – standing in the middle, neutral, impartial
  adjective
  Compound of 'madhya' (middle) and 'stha' (standing).
• dṛṣṭi – seeing, vision, view, perspective
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Describes the 'knowers' (tajjñāḥ).

स्वस्थाः (svasthāḥ) - knowers of reality who are self-abiding and tranquil (self-abiding, tranquil, healthy, at ease)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of svastha

svastha - self-abiding, tranquil, healthy, at ease

Compound of 'sva' (self) and 'stha' (standing, abiding).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+stha)

• sva – self, own
  pronoun/adjective
• stha – standing, abiding, existing
  adjective
  Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes the 'knowers' (tajjñāḥ).

यथाप्राप्तार्थदर्शिनः (yathāprāptārthadarśinaḥ) - knowers of reality who perceive things in their true, unadulterated form (those who perceive things as they are obtained or presented)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yathāprāptārthadarśin

yathāprāptārthadarśin - one who perceives things as they are presented

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yathāprāpta+artha+darśin)

• yathāprāpta – as obtained, as received, as presented
  adjective/indeclinable
  Past Passive Participle
  Compound of 'yathā' (as, according to) and 'prāpta' (obtained, received).
  Prefix: pra
  Root: āp (class 5)
• artha – object, thing, meaning, purpose
  noun (masculine)
• darśin – seeing, perceiving, one who sees
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root 'dṛś' (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Describes the 'knowers' (tajjñāḥ).

तज्ज्ञाः (tajjñāḥ) - the enlightened individuals who have realized the true nature of reality (those who know that, the knowers of reality)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tajjña

tajjña - knower of that, knower of reality/truth

Compound of 'tad' (that) and 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : tatpurusha (tad+jña)

• tad – that, it
  pronoun (neuter)
• jña – knower, knowing
  adjective/noun
  Agent noun
  Derived from root 'jñā' (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तु (tu) - emphasizing the nature of these knowers (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

प्रेक्षकाः (prekṣakāḥ) - mere observers, not active participants in the worldly play (spectators, observers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prekṣaka

prekṣaka - spectator, observer, witness

Agent noun

Derived from root 'īkṣ' (to see) with prefix 'pra'.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Predicate of the sentence, along with 'vyavasthitāḥ'.

एव (eva) - emphasizing that they are solely observers (only, merely, indeed)

(indeclinable)

साक्षिधर्मे (sākṣidharme) - in their role as pure, detached witnesses (in the intrinsic nature of a witness)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sākṣidharma

sākṣidharma - the intrinsic nature of a witness, the duty or quality of a witness

Compound of 'sākṣin' (witness) and 'dharma' (intrinsic nature, constitution).

Compound type : tatpurusha (sākṣin+dharma)

• sākṣin – witness, spectator
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to hold, sustain).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

व्यवस्थिताः (vyavasthitāḥ) - firmly established in their role as a witness (established, situated, fixed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - established, situated, fixed, arranged

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'sthā' (to stand) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ava'.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Describes the 'knowers' (tajjñāḥ), agreeing in gender, number, and case.