योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-20, verse-12

बभूवुस्ते महोग्रेषु शिखरेषु महीभृताम् ।
बहवो बान्धवाः सिंहास्तान्कथं नानुशोचसि ॥ १२ ॥

babhūvuste mahogreṣu śikhareṣu mahībhṛtām ,
bahavo bāndhavāḥ siṃhāstānkathaṃ nānuśocasi 12

12. babūvuḥ te mahogreṣu śikhareṣu mahībhṛtām
bahavaḥ bāndhavāḥ siṃhāḥ tān katham na anuśocasi

12. te bahavaḥ bāndhavāḥ mahogreṣu mahībhṛtām
śikhareṣu siṃhāḥ babūvuḥ tān katham na anuśocasi

12. Many of your relatives became lions on the very formidable peaks of mountains. Why do you not lament for them?

Words meanings summery:

• बबूवुः (babūvuḥ) - they were, they became

• ते (te) - your, of yours

• महोग्रेषु (mahogreṣu) - on very terrible, on extremely fierce

• शिखरेषु (śikhareṣu) - on peaks, on summits

• महीभृताम् (mahībhṛtām) - of mountains

• बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

• बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives, kinsmen

• सिंहाः (siṁhāḥ) - lions

• तान् (tān) - them

• कथम् (katham) - why? how?

• न (na) - not

• अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you lament, you grieve for

Words meanings and morphology

बबूवुः (babūvuḥ) - they were, they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Active

3rd person plural Perfect Active indicative

Root: bhū (class 1)

ते (te) - your, of yours

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of tvad

tvad - you

Note: Can also be Dative singular.

महोग्रेषु (mahogreṣu) - on very terrible, on extremely fierce

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of mahogra

mahogra - very fierce, extremely terrible

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ugra)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ugra – fierce, terrible, mighty
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'śikhareṣu'.

शिखरेषु (śikhareṣu) - on peaks, on summits

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of śikhara

śikhara - peak, summit, crest

महीभृताम् (mahībhṛtām) - of mountains

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahībhṛt

mahībhṛt - mountain (literally 'earth-supporter'), king

Compound noun, derived from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support) with Kvip suffix.

Compound type : upapada tatpurusha (mahī+bhṛt)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• bhṛt – bearing, supporting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root 'bhṛ' (to bear).
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

बहवः (bahavaḥ) - many

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

Note: Agrees with 'bāndhavāḥ' and 'siṃhāḥ'.

बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives, kinsmen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - relative, kinsman, belonging to a family

Derived from 'bandhu' (kinsman) with 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Subject of 'babūvuḥ'.

सिंहाः (siṁhāḥ) - lions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of siṃha

siṁha - lion

Note: Predicate nominative with 'babūvuḥ'.

तान् (tān) - them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'siṃhāḥ' (lions).

कथम् (katham) - why? how?

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you lament, you grieve for

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, Present (laṭ) of anuśuc

Present Active

2nd person singular Present Active indicative

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)