योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-5, chapter-20, verse-1

पुण्य उवाच ।
कः पिता किं च वा मित्रं का माता के च बान्धवाः ।
स्वबुद्ध्यैवावधूयन्ते वात्यया जनपांसवः ॥ १ ॥

puṇya uvāca ,
kaḥ pitā kiṃ ca vā mitraṃ kā mātā ke ca bāndhavāḥ ,
svabuddhyaivāvadhūyante vātyayā janapāṃsavaḥ 1

1. puṇyaḥ uvāca kaḥ pitā kim ca vā mitram kā mātā ke ca
bāndhavāḥ svabuddhyā eva avadhūyante vātyayā janapāṃsavaḥ

1. puṇyaḥ uvāca.
kaḥ pitā? ca vā kim mitram? kā mātā? ca ke bāndhavāḥ? svabuddhyā eva vātyayā janapāṃsavaḥ avadhūyante.

1. Puṇya said: Who is a father? And what is a friend? Who is a mother, and who are the relatives? By one's own intellect alone, these worldly relations, like dust particles, are swept away by a strong wind.

Words meanings summery:

• पुण्यः (puṇyaḥ) - Puṇya (a sage or speaker) (Puṇya (proper name); merit, virtue)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

• पिता (pitā) - father

• किम् (kim) - what? who?

• च (ca) - and, also

• वा (vā) - or, and, like

• मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

• का (kā) - who? what?

• माता (mātā) - mother

• के (ke) - who? what?

• च (ca) - and, also

• बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives, kinsmen

• स्वबुद्ध्या (svabuddhyā) - by one's own intellect, by one's own understanding

• एव (eva) - alone, only, indeed, just

• अवधूयन्ते (avadhūyante) - are shaken off, are dismissed, are swept away

• वात्यया (vātyayā) - by a strong wind, by a gale, by a tempest

• जनपांसवः (janapāṁsavaḥ) - worldly relations (personified as dust particles) (people as dust particles, human dust)

Words meanings and morphology

पुण्यः (puṇyaḥ) - Puṇya (a sage or speaker) (Puṇya (proper name); merit, virtue)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇya

puṇya - merit, virtue, righteousness; auspicious; a proper name

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect active (liṭ)

From √vac (to speak), perfect tense, 3rd person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

कः (kaḥ) - who? what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what (interrogative pronoun)

Masculine nominative singular form of 'kim'.

Note: Interrogative pronoun for pitā.

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

ṛ-ending noun.

Note: Null verb implied (is).

किम् (kim) - what? who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what (interrogative pronoun)

Neuter nominative singular form of 'kim'.

Note: Interrogative pronoun for mitram.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

वा (vā) - or, and, like

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मित्रम् (mitram) - friend

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mitra

mitra - friend, companion

Neuter noun.

Note: Null verb implied (is).

का (kā) - who? what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kim

kim - who, what (interrogative pronoun)

Feminine nominative singular form of 'kim'.

Note: Interrogative pronoun for mātā.

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

ṛ-ending noun.

Note: Null verb implied (is).

के (ke) - who? what?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what (interrogative pronoun)

Masculine nominative plural form of 'kim'.

Note: Interrogative pronoun for bāndhavāḥ.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

बान्धवाः (bāndhavāḥ) - relatives, kinsmen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāndhava

bāndhava - relative, kinsman

Note: Null verb implied (are).

स्वबुद्ध्या (svabuddhyā) - by one's own intellect, by one's own understanding

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of svabuddhi

svabuddhi - one's own intellect/understanding

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+buddhi)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (neuter)
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, discernment
  noun (feminine)
  From √budh (to know, perceive)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Denotes the agent by which dismissal happens.

एव (eva) - alone, only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes svabuddhyā.

अवधूयन्ते (avadhūyante) - are shaken off, are dismissed, are swept away

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of avadhū

present passive

From ava- + √dhū (to shake), present tense, 3rd person plural, passive voice.

Prefix: ava

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Subject is janapāṃsavaḥ.

वात्यया (vātyayā) - by a strong wind, by a gale, by a tempest

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vātyā

vātyā - strong wind, gale, tempest

Feminine noun.

Note: Denotes the agent by which dismissal happens, metaphorically.

जनपांसवः (janapāṁsavaḥ) - worldly relations (personified as dust particles) (people as dust particles, human dust)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of janapāṃsava

janapāṁsava - human dust, people as particles of dust

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+pāṃsu)

• jana – person, people, human being
  noun (masculine)
  From √jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• pāṃsu – dust, sand, particle
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of avadhūyante.