योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-56, verse-41

अहं कर्तेति मत्वान्तः कः खेदोल्लासयोः क्रमः ।
खेदोल्लासविलासेषु स्वात्मकर्तृतयैतया ॥ ४१ ॥

ahaṃ karteti matvāntaḥ kaḥ khedollāsayoḥ kramaḥ ,
khedollāsavilāseṣu svātmakartṛtayaitayā 41

41. aham kartā iti matvā antaḥ kaḥ kheda-ullāsayoḥ kramaḥ
kheda-ullāsa-vilāseṣu sva-ātma-kartṛtayā etayā

41. aham kartā iti antaḥ matvā kheda-ullāsayoḥ kramaḥ
kaḥ etayā sva-ātma-kartṛtayā kheda-ullāsa-vilāseṣu

41. How can there be a succession of sorrow (kheda) and joy (ullāsa) within, if one thinks 'I am the doer'? It is through this very self-agency (agency of the ātman) that sorrow and joy manifest in their various forms.

Words meanings summery:

• अहम् (aham) - I

• कर्ता (kartā) - doer, agent

• इति (iti) - thus, so, (quotative particle)

• मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered

• अन्तः (antaḥ) - within, inside, in the mind

• कः (kaḥ) - what, how

• खेद-उल्लासयोः (kheda-ullāsayoḥ) - of sorrow and joy

• क्रमः (kramaḥ) - sequence, order, scope

• खेद-उल्लास-विलासेषु (kheda-ullāsa-vilāseṣu) - in the sports/plays of sorrow and joy

• स्व-आत्म-कर्तृतया (sva-ātma-kartṛtayā) - by the agency of one's own self (ātman) (by this self-agency, by the doership of one's own self)

• एतया (etayā) - by this

Words meanings and morphology

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (first person pronoun)

कर्ता (kartā) - doer, agent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kartṛ

kartṛ - doer, agent, creator

Agent Noun

Root: kṛ (class 8)

इति (iti) - thus, so, (quotative particle)

(indeclinable)

मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root: man (class 4)

अन्तः (antaḥ) - within, inside, in the mind

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - what, how

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

खेद-उल्लासयोः (kheda-ullāsayoḥ) - of sorrow and joy

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of khedollāsa

khedollāsa - sorrow and joy

Compound type : dvandva (kheda+ullāsa)

• kheda – sorrow, distress, weariness, dejection
  noun (masculine)
  Root: khid (class 1)
• ullāsa – joy, delight, expansion, manifestation
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: las (class 1)

क्रमः (kramaḥ) - sequence, order, scope

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of krama

krama - sequence, order, succession, step, procedure

Root: kram (class 1)

खेद-उल्लास-विलासेषु (kheda-ullāsa-vilāseṣu) - in the sports/plays of sorrow and joy

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of khedollāsavilāsa

khedollāsavilāsa - sports/plays/manifestations of sorrow and joy

Compound type : tatpurusha (kheda+ullāsa+vilāsa)

• kheda – sorrow, distress, weariness, dejection
  noun (masculine)
  Root: khid (class 1)
• ullāsa – joy, delight, expansion, manifestation
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ud
  Root: las (class 1)
• vilāsa – play, sport, display, manifestation, charm
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: las (class 1)

स्व-आत्म-कर्तृतया (sva-ātma-kartṛtayā) - by the agency of one's own self (ātman) (by this self-agency, by the doership of one's own self)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of svātmakartṛtā

svātmakartṛtā - self-agency, doership of one's own self

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+ātman+kartṛtā)

• sva – own, one's self
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)
• kartṛtā – doership, agency, the state of being a doer
  noun (feminine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

एतया (etayā) - by this

(pronoun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)